ATI LPN
ATI LPN Med Surg Concept 2 Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse knows a patient with type 1 diabetes needs more education when the patient makes which of the following statements?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin is typically administered via injections or an insulin pump, not in pill form.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is providing discharge education about signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. For each sign/symptom, indicate whether it is manifestation of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Select one option in each row.
| Options | Hypoglycemia | Hyperglycemia |
|---|---|---|
| Tremor | ||
| Lethargy | ||
| Seizures | ||
| Polydipsia | ||
| Abdominal pain | ||
| Sweating | ||
| Polyuria |
Correct Answer:
Rationale: Hypoglycemia: Tremor is a common symptom of hypoglycemia, as low blood sugar levels can lead to shaky hands and trembling. Seizures can occur in severe cases of hypoglycemia when the brain is deprived of glucose, leading to abnormal electrical activity and convulsions. Sweating, particularly cold and clammy skin, is a common symptom of hypoglycemia as the body responds to low blood sugar levels. Hunger or sudden feelings of extreme hunger are common symptoms of hypoglycemia as the body seeks additional fuel to raise blood sugar levels. Hyperglycemia: Lethargy, or extreme fatigue and drowsiness, is more commonly associated with hyperglycemia, as elevated blood sugar levels can affect energy levels and lead to feelings of sluggishness. Polydipsia is a classic symptom of hyperglycemia, as high blood sugar levels can cause dehydration and trigger the body's thirst response. Abdominal pain is more commonly associated with hyperglycemia, particularly in conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis (DK
A), where abdominal discomfort can be a sign of metabolic disturbances. Polyuria is a classic symptom of hyperglycemia, as high blood sugar levels can lead to increased urine production as the kidneys work to remove excess glucose from the bloodstream.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse enters a room of a patient who is acutely short of breath. Which action should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pursed lip breathing is a technique that can help patients with acute dyspnea by improving ventilation, prolonging exhalation, and reducing the work of breathing.
Question 4 of 5
A patient with type 1 DM expresses concern about developing retinopathy due to a chronic disease. How should the nurse reply?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Good control of blood glucose levels and blood pressure is essential in reducing the risk of diabetic retinopathy and its progression. Research has shown that maintaining tight glycemic control and managing hypertension can significantly decrease the likelihood and severity of retinopathy in patients with diabetes.
Question 5 of 5
Which time would be ideal for the LPN/LVN to collect a sputum specimen?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Morning is considered the ideal time for collecting a sputum specimen. Overnight, mucus accumulates in the respiratory tract because the patient is less active and not clearing their throat or coughing as much. This means that the mucus is more concentrated and has had time to build up, providing a more substantial and representative sample of what is in the lungs.