ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharm Quiz Final Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 4
The nurse is caring for a patient who is being treated for peptic ulcer disease. Which medication should the patient be taught to avoid?
Correct Answer: NSAIDs can worsen ulcers by irritating the stomach lining. Antacids, H2 blockers, and PPIs aid ulcer healing.
Rationale: The correct answer is A: NSAIDs. NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen and aspirin, can worsen peptic ulcers by irritating the stomach lining and inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, which is needed for stomach lining protection. Antacids, H2 blockers, and PPIs, on the other hand, help in ulcer healing by reducing stomach acid production or neutralizing acid.
Therefore, teaching the patient to avoid NSAIDs is crucial to prevent exacerbation of peptic ulcers.
Question 2 of 4
The nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing anaphylaxis. The family asks the nurse why the patient is having difficulty breathing. The nurse responds based on what knowledge?
Correct Answer: Bronchoconstriction from allergens causes breathing difficulty in anaphylaxis. Hypotension, tachycardia, and seizures are secondary or unrelated.
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bronchoconstriction in response to the allergen. During anaphylaxis, the body releases histamine causing bronchoconstriction, leading to difficulty breathing. This is a direct response to the allergen and can lead to respiratory distress.
Choice B, compensation for a rapid fall in blood pressure, is incorrect as hypotension is a secondary effect of anaphylaxis.
Choice C, reflex tachycardia, is also incorrect as tachycardia is a compensatory response to hypotension, not the cause of difficulty breathing.
Choice D, seizures are likely to occur, is incorrect as seizures are not a common manifestation of anaphylaxis.
Therefore, the correct answer is A as it directly relates to the pathophysiology of anaphylaxis.
Question 3 of 4
In which of the following conditions should decongestants be used with caution?
Correct Answer: Diabetes isn't a primary caution. Hypertension risks elevation from vasoconstriction. Allergic rhinitis is a treatment target. Hyperthyroidism and heart disease (E) also require caution, but B is listed correct.
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypertension. Decongestants can lead to vasoconstriction and elevate blood pressure, posing a risk for individuals with hypertension. Diabetes (
A) is not a primary concern with decongestants. Allergic rhinitis (
C) is a condition where decongestants are often used as a treatment. Hyperthyroidism (
D) can have cardiovascular effects and should also be used with caution. However, the primary caution for decongestant use is hypertension due to the potential for exacerbating high blood pressure.
Question 4 of 4
Complete the following statement: “Drugs used for the treatment of depression and a range of anxiety disorders including panic, social phobia, and post-traumatic stress disorder are known as…â€
Correct Answer: Barbiturates are sedatives. Rebound insomnia isn't a drug. Antidepressants treat depression and anxiety disorders. Anxiolytics focus on anxiety.
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Antidepressants. Antidepressants are drugs specifically designed to treat depression and various anxiety disorders, including panic, social phobia, and post-traumatic stress disorder. They work by balancing neurotransmitters in the brain to improve mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety. Barbiturates (
A) are sedatives, not typically used for treating anxiety or depression. Rebound insomnia (
B) is a phenomenon where insomnia worsens after discontinuing sleep medications, not a class of drugs. Anxiolytics (
D) are drugs that specifically target anxiety symptoms, but they do not usually address depression.
Therefore, the correct choice is C as it accurately describes the drugs used for treating depression and a range of anxiety disorders.
Question 5 of 4
A nurse is caring for a client who has deep vein thrombosis. The client has been receiving IV heparin for the past 5 days and now has a new prescription for oral warfarin in addition to the heparin. The client asks the nurse if both medications are necessary. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: Heparin and warfarin prevent clot growth, not dissolution. No enhancement occurs. Heparin bridges until warfarin's therapeutic level is reached, typically 3 days.
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: D. "Heparin will be continued until the warfarin reaches a therapeutic level."
Rationale:
1. Heparin and warfarin work differently: Heparin prevents new clots, while warfarin stabilizes existing clots.
2. Transition period: Heparin is continued initially to prevent clotting while warfarin reaches its full anticoagulant effect.
3. Therapeutic level: Warfarin takes time to reach its target level for optimal clot prevention.
4. No clot dissolution: Neither heparin nor warfarin directly dissolve clots; they prevent further clot formation.
Summary of other choices:
A: Incorrect. Misleading information about clot dissolution.
B: Incorrect. Unnecessary escalation without clarifying the situation.
C: Incorrect. Misconception about the relationship between heparin and warfarin.