ATI LPN
ATI NS122 Pediatrics Monroe College NY PN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A school-age child in an emergency department has a 2-day history of nausea and vomiting and reports severe right lower quadrant pain. A nurse is preparing the child for an appendectomy. Which of the following statements by the child should the nurse find most concerning?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: My belly doesn't hurt anymore.' - This statement is concerning because sudden relief from severe right lower quadrant pain in a child with a history of nausea, vomiting, and suspected appendicitis may indicate a rupture or perforation of the appendix. When the appendix ruptures, there may be a temporary alleviation of pain due to the release of pressure. However, this situation is critical and requires immediate medical attention to prevent further complications such as peritonitis or sepsis.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a child who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Maintain a saline-lock: While maintaining a saline lock is important for ensuring vascular access in case of emergency, it is not the priority action in caring for a child with acute glomerulonephritis. Monitoring daily weight is crucial in acute glomerulonephritis, as it helps assess fluid balance and detect early signs of fluid retention or worsening kidney function, which are key concerns in this condition. This makes it a priority action. Place the child on a no-salt-added diet: Dietary modifications, including reducing salt intake, may be recommended for managing acute glomerulonephritis. However, it is not the priority action at this stage. Parental education is important for long-term management and understanding of the condition, but it is not the most immediate priority in the acute phase of the illness.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is checking a school-age child for pediculosis capitis. Which of the following findings is a definitive indication of this condition?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Firmly attached white particles on the hair: Firmly attached white particles on the hair are characteristic of nits, which are the eggs of lice. While this finding supports the diagnosis of pediculosis capitis, it is not a definitive indication on its own. Itching and scratching of the head: Itching and scratching of the head are common symptoms of pediculosis capitis. However, they are also common symptoms of various other scalp conditions, so they are not definitive indications. Thick, yellow-crusted lesions on a red base: This description is more characteristic of impetigo, a bacterial skin infection, rather than pediculosis capitis. Impetigo typically presents with yellow-crusted lesions on a red base, but it does not involve lice infestation. Patchy areas of hair loss: Patchy areas of hair loss are not typically associated with pediculosis capitis. This finding is more suggestive of conditions like alopecia areata or fungal infections.
Question 4 of 5
A 24 month old comes into the clinic to get his first flu vaccination. The nurse notices what food allergy in the patient's chart that would make this vaccine contraindicated?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gelatin: Gelatin is sometimes used as a stabilizer in vaccines, including some flu vaccines. Individuals with severe gelatin allergies may need to avoid vaccines containing gelatin. However, egg allergy is more common and directly relevant to the contraindication for flu vaccination. Peanuts: Peanuts are not typically used in the production of flu vaccines. Peanut allergies are not a contraindication for flu vaccination unless the person also has an egg allergy or another contraindication. Eggs: Flu vaccines are commonly produced using chicken eggs.
Therefore, individuals with a severe egg allergy should avoid flu vaccines, as they may experience an allergic reaction. This is especially important for young children, as they may be more prone to severe allergic reactions. Bee Venom: Bee venom is not an ingredient in flu vaccines. While it's essential to consider allergies to various substances when administering vaccines, bee venom allergy does not impact the safety of flu vaccination.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for an infant who has gastroesophageal reflux. The nurse should place the infant in which of the following positions after feeding?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Left side: Placing the infant on the left side after feeding is not typically recommended for managing gastroesophageal reflux. This position may not provide optimal support for digestion and may not effectively reduce reflux symptoms. Upright: This is the correct answer. Placing the infant in an upright position after feeding can help reduce gastroesophageal reflux. Gravity helps keep stomach contents down, preventing them from flowing back up into the esophagus. Holding the infant upright on the caregiver's shoulder or in a baby carrier can be effective in minimizing reflux symptoms. Right side: Placing the infant on the right side after feeding is not typically recommended for managing gastroesophageal reflux. Similar to the left side, this position may not provide optimal support for digestion and may not effectively reduce reflux symptoms. Prone: Placing the infant in a prone (face-down) position after feeding is not recommended due to the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Prone positioning is associated with an increased risk of SIDS, and current guidelines advise against placing infants to sleep or rest on their stomachs. Additionally, a prone position may not effectively reduce gastroesophageal reflux and may pose other risks to the infant's health and safety.