ATI LPN
ATI LPN Med Surg U13 Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A patient with suspected appendicitis is being prepared for surgery. Which of the following preoperative interventions should the nurse prioritize?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Place the patient on NPO status: NPO status prevents aspiration during anesthesia and is standard for abdominal surgeries like appendectomy. Heating pads, enemas, and oral analgesics are contraindicated.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client admitted for renal calculus. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse associate with renal calculi? (Select All that Apply.)
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: B, C, D, E: Gastrointestinal upset, urinary urgency, fever (indicating possible infection), and flank pain are associated with renal calculi. Incontinence is not typical.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reviewing medications for a client who has just been diagnosed with a small bowel obstruction. The nurse should withhold senna prescribed orally based on understanding of which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Laxatives are contraindicated in clients who have a small bowel obstruction: Laxatives like senna can worsen an obstruction, risking perforation. Other laxatives or NG administration are also inappropriate.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who reports to the clinic for laboratory tests. The client has an acute kidney injury caused by acute tubular necrosis and asks why their glomerular filtration rate keeps decreasing. Which of the following pathophysiological changes occurring in the kidney should the nurse explain as the cause of decrease?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is injury to the renal tubular cells: In ATN, tubular cell damage disrupts nephron filtration, causing a decline in GFR. Inflammation, reduced blood flow, or obstruction are not the primary causes.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has an admitted diagnosis of renal calculi and medical history of hypertension and gout. The client works 6 days of the week outside in temperatures between 32.2° C to 37.8° C (90° F to 100° F). Which of the following should the nurse tell the client to prevent a reoccurrence of renal calculi?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Drink plenty of fluids during the day: Adequate hydration is the most important strategy to prevent the formation of renal calculi, especially in hot climates where fluid loss through sweat increases the risk. High oxalate and purine-rich foods can promote stone formation, and gout medication, while important, is not the primary intervention.