ATI LPN
PN Adult Medical Surgical 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the family of a client who has methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) of a leg wound and is on contact precautions. Which of the following statements by a family member indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gloves should be removed before leaving to prevent contamination spread; MRSA is treatable, can occur outside facilities, and masks aren't required for contact precautions.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving intermittent bolus enteral feedings through a jejunostomy tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Head elevation for 1 hour reduces aspiration risk, critical for jejunostomy care. Other options are incorrect or unnecessary.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who is starting bowel training for the management of fecal incontinence. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bowel training aims to establish a regular pattern for defecation, particularly for clients with fecal incontinence, by leveraging the gastrocolic reflex, which increases intestinal motility after meals. Option A is incorrect because limiting physical activity does not promote bowel regularity and may worsen incontinence by reducing muscle tone. Option B is correct as assisting the client to the restroom 30 minutes after meals takes advantage of this reflex, encouraging predictable bowel movements and enhancing control over time. Option C is wrong since high-fiber foods aid bowel regularity by adding bulk to stool, which helps with continence, not hinders it. Option D is also incorrect adequate fluid intake (not restriction to 1500 mL/day) supports healthy stool consistency and prevents constipation, a key factor in incontinence management. Assisting post-meal aligns with physiological principles and patient-centered care, making it the best intervention for effective bowel training.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse in a long-term care facility is assisting with the plan of care for a client who has late-stage Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Late-stage Alzheimer's impairs mobility and cognition, increasing pressure ulcer risk from prolonged immobility. Turning the client every 2 hours redistributes pressure, maintains skin integrity, and aligns with evidence-based prevention (e.g., Braden Scale interventions). A mirror for reality orientation is ineffective late-stage patients lack recognition, and it may cause distress. Written instructions are useless due to severe cognitive decline; simplified, hands-on guidance is better for tasks like oral hygiene. Open-ended questions frustrate clients unable to process or respond, whereas yes/no prompts suit their capacity. Regular repositioning addresses a physical priority, prevents costly complications like infections or surgery, and supports dignity in care, making it the essential action for this vulnerable population.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a sulfa allergy. Which of the following prescriptions should the nurse clarify with the provider?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Celecoxib, an NSAID, is a sulfa drug and contraindicated in sulfa allergies due to risk of allergic reaction. The other medications do not contain sulfa and are safe in this context.