ATI LPN
ATI PN Pharmacology 2020 Exam 2 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is to start therapy with insulin lispro and insulin glargine. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin lispro is a rapid-acting insulin that should be taken just before a meal to cover postprandial glucose excursions. Insulin lispro and insulin glargine should not be mixed in the same syringe, as they have different onset and duration of action. Insulin vials should not be shaken, as this can lead to clumping and affect the insulin's effectiveness. Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin and is typically given once a day.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has been taking diazepam several times per day but recently ran out of the medication. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a manifestation of withdrawal from diazepam?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Anorexia is not typically associated with benzodiazepine withdrawal. Hypotension is not a common withdrawal symptom of diazepam. Drowsiness is more likely a side effect of benzodiazepine use rather than withdrawal. Tremors are a common manifestation of benzodiazepine withdrawal.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer amikacin 5 mg/kg IM to a client who weighs 110 lb. Available is amikacin injection 250 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if applicable. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale:
To answer this question, you need to perform the following steps: Convert the client's weight from pounds to kilograms by dividing by 2.2. 110 lb / 2.2 = 50 kg. Calculate the dose of amikacin in milligrams by multiplying the client's weight by the prescribed dose per kilogram. 50 kg × 5 mg/kg = 250 mg. Calculate the volume of amikacin in milliliters by dividing the dose in milligrams by the concentration of the injection. 250 mg / 250 mg/mL = 1 mL. Round the answer to the nearest whole number. The nurse should administer 1 mL of amikacin IM to the client.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer gentamicin to a child who weighs 44 lb. The provider prescribes 6 mg/kg/day IV to be administered in three equal doses. Available is gentamicin 40 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale:
To answer this question, the nurse needs to perform the following steps: Convert the child's weight from pounds to kilograms by dividing 44 by 2.2. The result is 20 kg. Calculate the total daily dose of gentamicin by multiplying 6 mg/kg by 20 kg. The result is 120 mg/day. Divide the total daily dose by three to get the dose for each administration. The result is 40 mg/dose. Calculate the volume of gentamicin to be administered by dividing 40 mg by 40 mg/mL. The result is 1 mL/dose.
Therefore, the nurse should administer 1 mL of gentamicin with each dose.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client following his first dose of captopril. The client's blood pressure is 88/60 mm Hg. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The first action is to place the client in a supine position. The client might experience a first-dose phenomenon, which is a sudden and severe drop in blood pressure within 1 to 3 hours of taking the medication. The nurse should place the client in a supine position to prevent orthostatic hypotension and syncope. This should be done after placing the client in a supine position to assess for postural changes. This should be done after placing the client in a supine position to assess for postural changes. The nurse should not administer a saline bolus unless prescribed by the provider, as this could cause fluid overload and worsen heart failure.