ATI LPN
PN Adult Medical Surgical 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is newly diagnosed with dumping syndrome. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dumping syndrome occurs post-gastric surgery when food moves too quickly into the small intestine, causing nausea, diarrhea, and weakness. Eliminating simple sugars is key sugars draw fluid into the gut, worsening osmotic shifts and symptoms. Remaining upright helps slow gastric emptying but isn't the primary dietary fix. Eating three large meals overloads the stomach, triggering rapid dumping, whereas small, frequent meals are recommended. Drinking water with meals dilutes stomach contents, accelerating emptying and exacerbating symptoms; fluids should be taken between meals. Cutting simple sugars (e.g., candy, soda) reduces hyperosmolarity, stabilizes digestion, and aligns with evidence-based management, improving quality of life. This instruction empowers the client to control symptoms through diet, a cornerstone of dumping syndrome care, making it the most effective teaching point.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing a client for a colposcopy following an abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) test. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A colposcopy is a diagnostic procedure to examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva after an abnormal Pap test, typically involving a speculum and mild discomfort but no cervical dilation. Option A is incorrect because inserting a tampon post-procedure could introduce infection or interfere with healing, especially if biopsies were taken. Option B is wrong as colposcopy does not require cervical dilation; it's a visual inspection, unlike procedures like a D&C. Option C, Sims' position (lateral with knees bent), is not standard lithotomy position is used instead for pelvic access. Option D is correct because advising the client to avoid sexual intercourse until healing prevents irritation, infection, or disruption of any biopsy sites, aligning with post-procedure care guidelines. This instruction supports recovery and ensures accurate follow-up results, making it the most appropriate nursing action.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse working the night shift is caring for an older adult client who has dementia and is at risk for falls. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A motion sensor mat alerts staff to movement, reducing fall risk in dementia clients. TV can agitate, four rails are a restraint, and moving the table doesn't directly prevent falls.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is monitoring a client who has diabetes mellitus and a glucose level of 384 mg/dL. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of metabolic acidosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Increased respiratory rate (Kussmaul breathing) compensates for acidosis in diabetic ketoacidosis.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is starting to take metformin extended release. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the instructions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metformin requires glucose monitoring to assess efficacy and prevent hypoglycemia; muscle pain isn't typical, it's taken with food to reduce GI upset, and it's not chewed.