ATI LPN
ATI LPN UT1 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who reports persistent vomiting, dizziness, palpitations, and numbness and tingling in his fingers and toes and around his mouth. The nurse notes the client's respirations are slow and shallow. The nurse should suspect that the client has developed which of the following acid-base imbalances?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic alkalosis occurs due to a loss of hydrogen ions or an excess of bicarbonate, commonly caused by prolonged vomiting. The symptoms described, including persistent vomiting, tingling, and slow, shallow respirations, are consistent with metabolic alkalosis.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is collecting data on a client who has pneumonia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tachypnea is a common sign of pneumonia, reflecting the body's attempt to improve oxygenation.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following best describes the role of osmoreceptors in the regulation of water balance in the body?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus sense changes in plasma osmolality and regulate ADH release to maintain water balance.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is collecting data for a client who has tension pneumothorax. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect following tracheal deviation?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tension pneumothorax compresses the heart and vessels, leading to decreased venous return and cardiac output.
Extract:
History
A 28-year-old male with no significant past medical history presents to the emergency department with sudden-onset sharp chest pain and shortness of breath.
He reports that the pain started while he was lifting weights at the gym.
Physical Examination
On physical examination, you note decreased breath sounds on the right side of the chest and hyperresonance on percussion.
A chest X-ray reveals a visceral pleural line and absent vascular markings on the right side.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management for this patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation and findings suggest a pneumothorax, requiring immediate needle decompression and chest tube insertion to relieve pleural pressure.