Extract:

Question 1 of 5

A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a cholecystectomy due to gallstones. The client asks the nurse what caused the gallstones. Which of the following nurse statements best explains the cause of gallstones?

A. The gallbladder became infected by a virus and needs to be removed.B. The gallbladder has become inflamed due to a build-up of gallstones that are blocking the common bile duct.C. The gallbladder has become blocked by a tumor and is no longer workingD. The gallbladder has become inflamed due to the cholesterol in the gallstones.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The gallbladder has become inflamed due to the cholesterol in the gallstones: Gallstones form from cholesterol and bile salts, leading to inflammation (cholecystitis). Viral infections, bile duct blockages, or tumors are not primary causes.

Question 2 of 5

A female patient recently underwent a partial gastrectomy and is now presenting with symptoms of weakness, dizziness, and sweating, particularly after meals. Based on these symptoms, what is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Dumping SyndromeB. Peptic Ulcer DiseaseC. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)D. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (B5)

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Dumping Syndrome: Dumping syndrome is a common complication following gastrectomy, where food moves too quickly from the stomach to the small intestine. Symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, and sweating, particularly after meals, are characteristic of this condition. Peptic Ulcer Disease typically presents with epigastric pain. GERD is associated with heartburn and acid regurgitation. IBS involves bloating, abdominal discomfort, and altered bowel habits.

Question 3 of 5

A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing an acute exacerbation of ulcerative colitis. The nurse should recognize that which of the following actions is the priority?

A. Provide emotional support.B. Review stress factors that can cause disease exacerbation.C. Promote physical mobility.D. Evaluate fluid and electrolyte levels.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Evaluate fluid and electrolyte levels: Fluid and electrolyte imbalances from diarrhea and bleeding are critical during an exacerbation, making this the priority to prevent complications like dehydration or hypovolemia.

Question 4 of 5

A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client who has been newly diagnosed with hepatitis C. The client asks how they could have contracted the virus. Which of the following nurse responses best explains how the client may have become infected with hepatitis C?

A. Eating contaminated food or water from an infected source can cause you to become infected with hepatitis CB. Coming into contact with infected blood, such as from that of a dirty needle, can cause you to become infected with hepatitis C.C. Coming into contact with an infected person's bodily fluids, such as saliva, can cause you to become infected with hepatitis C.D. Consuming a large amount of alcohol at one time can cause you to become infected with hepatitis C.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Coming into contact with infected blood: Hepatitis C is primarily spread through blood-to-blood contact, such as sharing needles. Food, saliva, or alcohol do not transmit hepatitis C.

Question 5 of 5

A nurse is gathering data on a client who was admitted with pyelonephritis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect the client to be exhibiting? (Select All that Apply.)

A. Frothy urineB. HypertensionC. Fish-type urine odorD. Mental confusionE. Lower abdominal painF. Weak urine stream

Correct Answer: B,C,D,E

Rationale: B, C, D, E: Hypertension, fishy urine odor, mental confusion (especially in elderly), and lower abdominal pain are associated with pyelonephritis. Frothy urine and weak urine stream are not typical.