ATI LPN
ATI PN Custom Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Which symptom is the most common with a hypersensitivity reaction to a medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Urticaria. This is the most common symptom in a hypersensitivity reaction to medication due to the release of histamine, causing skin rash and itching. Vomiting (
B) and wheezing (
C) can occur but are less common. Anaphylaxis (
D) is a severe, life-threatening reaction that can include urticaria but is not the most common symptom.
Question 2 of 5
Which aspect of pharmacokinetics should the nurse be most concerned with when caring for a patient with abnormal functioning of hepatic enzymes?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Metabolism. When hepatic enzymes are abnormal, it affects the liver's ability to metabolize drugs. This can lead to drug toxicity or reduced drug effectiveness. The nurse should closely monitor drug dosages and frequency to prevent adverse effects. Absorption (
A) may be affected by liver dysfunction but is less critical than metabolism in this scenario. Distribution (
B) and Excretion (
C) are more related to renal function than hepatic enzymes. The other choices (E, F, G) are not applicable. In summary, impaired hepatic metabolism can significantly alter drug response, making it the primary concern for the nurse.
Question 3 of 5
Which factor associated with aging increases the risk of gastric irritation from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) in older adults?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Delayed gastric emptying. As individuals age, gastric motility decreases, leading to delayed gastric emptying. This delay in emptying the stomach can result in a longer exposure of the stomach lining to NSAIDs, increasing the risk of gastric irritation. Option A, decreased splanchnic blood flow, may impact drug absorption but is not directly related to gastric irritation. Option B, prolonged secretion of gastric acid, may exacerbate existing conditions but is not the primary factor increasing the risk of gastric irritation from NSAIDs in older adults. Option D, loss of cells from the gastric plexus, does not directly impact gastric emptying and is not the main factor contributing to increased risk of gastric irritation in this scenario.
Question 4 of 5
Which potential reaction causes the most concern when administering medication to a patient with decreased albumin and globulin levels?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. When a patient has decreased albumin and globulin levels, there is less protein available to bind with drugs, leading to more free protein-bound drugs in the system. This increases the potential for adverse drug reactions as these free drugs can have higher concentrations and effects.
Choice A is incorrect because decreased protein levels would not lead to an increase in lipid-soluble drugs but rather affect protein binding.
Choice C is incorrect as decreased protein levels would not affect the absorption of water-soluble drugs.
Choice D is incorrect as decreased protein levels would not directly impact the metabolism of protein-bound drugs.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 300 mg PO. The amount available is amoxicillin oral solution 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth/whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To determine the amount of amoxicillin oral solution to administer, we can set up a proportion: 250 mg is in 5 mL, so x mg is in 300 mg. Cross-multiply and solve for x: 250/5 = 300/x. 250x = 1500, x = 1500/250 = 6 mL.
Therefore, the nurse should administer 6 mL. The other choices are incorrect because they do not align with the calculated answer based on the given information and the proportion setup.