Correct Answer: C

Rationale: While trying to look on the bright side can be a helpful strategy, it does not necessarily demonstrate empathy. Empathy involves understanding and sharing the feelings of another person. Telling someone they will feel better soon can be seen as dismissive of their current feelings and does not demonstrate empathy. Saying 'It must be difficult for you going through this' is an empathetic response because it acknowledges the person's feelings and shows understanding of their situation. While expressing sorrow for someone's loss can be seen as sympathetic, it does not necessarily demonstrate empathy. Empathy involves understanding and sharing the feelings of another person.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Focusing is a therapeutic communication technique where the nurse directs the conversation to specific areas or topics. In this scenario, the nurse is not focusing the conversation but is seeking to clarify the client's understanding of their medication. Clarification is a therapeutic communication technique where the nurse seeks to understand the client's message more fully. In this scenario, the nurse is using clarification by stating that the client needs more information about their medication for safe use. Informing is a therapeutic communication technique where the nurse provides the client with relevant information. While the nurse in this scenario is indicating a need to provide more information, the primary action is clarification. Theme identification is a therapeutic communication technique where the nurse identifies recurring thoughts or feelings expressed by the client. In this scenario, the nurse is not identifying a recurring theme but is seeking to clarify the client's understanding of their medication.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Regression is a defense mechanism where an individual reverts to a previous stage of development in response to a stressful situation. This is not demonstrated in the patient's statement. Rationalization involves creating logical but untrue explanations to justify unacceptable behavior or feelings. In this scenario, the patient is rationalizing their failure to take their medication by blaming their partner's forgetfulness. Projection involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to others. This is not demonstrated in the patient's statement. Repression involves unconsciously blocking out painful or uncomfortable thoughts or feelings. This is not demonstrated in the patient's statement.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Introspection is the process of examining one's own thoughts, feelings, and emotions to gain self-awareness and understanding. During adolescence, introspection is a critical part of developing a sense of identity and self-concept. Extroversion refers to a personality trait characterized by sociability, assertiveness, and the tendency to seek external stimuli. While it may play a role in social interactions during adolescence, it does not specifically describe the process of examining one's emotions, values, and behaviors. Maturation is the process of growth and development over time. While maturation is essential during adolescence, it is a broader concept that encompasses various aspects of development, not just self-examination. Perception refers to the interpretation of sensory information to understand the world around us. It is not specific to examining one's emotions, values, and behaviors for self-definition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse's response of asking the client, 'How do you feel about being discharged?' is the most therapeutic. This open-ended question encourages the client to express their feelings and concerns about being discharged. It allows the nurse to assess the client's readiness for discharge and to provide appropriate education or referrals if needed. It also demonstrates empathy and respect for the client's feelings, which are key components of a therapeutic relationship. Telling the client, 'I will send you a note in a few weeks,' is not the best response. While it may seem like a kind gesture, it could potentially blur the boundaries of the therapeutic relationship. Nurses must maintain professional boundaries with clients to ensure that the focus remains on the client's needs and not the personal feelings or needs of the nurse. Saying, 'I know you will do well living out in the community,' is an assumption and does not invite the client to share their feelings or concerns. It's important for the nurse to encourage the client to express their feelings about discharge and to provide support and education based on the client's individual needs. Asking the client, 'Aren't you excited about being discharged today?' is a closed-ended question that assumes the client is excited about discharge. This type of question does not encourage the client to share their feelings or concerns. It's important for the nurse to use open-ended questions to encourage the client to express their feelings about discharge.