ATI PN Custom Pharmacology | Nurselytic

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: One-third to one-half. When initiating drug therapy in elderly adults, it is important to start with lower doses and gradually increase to minimize the risk of adverse effects. Choosing a dose range of one-third to one-half of the normal adult dose allows for a conservative approach to medication initiation in this population. Option A (One-eighth to one-fourth) and B (One-fourth to one-third) are too conservative and may result in subtherapeutic doses. Option C (One-half to three-fourths) is too aggressive and may increase the risk of adverse effects in elderly adults.
Therefore, the correct choice is D as it balances the need for efficacy with safety when starting drug therapy in the elderly.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Teratogens. Teratogens are substances that can interfere with normal prenatal development and cause birth defects. They include drugs such as alcohol, certain medications, and chemicals. Placebo (
A) is an inert substance with no pharmacological effect. Carcinogens (
B) are substances that can cause cancer, not birth defects. Steroids (
C) are medications that can have side effects but are not primarily known for causing birth defects. In summary, teratogens specifically refer to substances that can lead to birth defects, while the other choices do not have this direct impact on prenatal development.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because a clinical care pathway is a standardized care plan based on best practices. It guides healthcare professionals in delivering consistent, evidence-based care to patients. This ensures quality, efficiency, and patient safety. Option A is incorrect as a clinical care pathway is not specifically for critical conditions but can be used in various healthcare settings. Option B is incorrect as it is not solely a communication tool for nurses but for interdisciplinary teams. Option C is incorrect as a clinical care pathway outlines the entire patient journey, not just admission.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Common. When a patient is receiving medication to increase urine output, a decrease in blood pressure is a common side effect. This is because increasing urine output can lead to fluid loss, resulting in a decrease in blood volume and subsequently blood pressure. It is common for diuretics, which increase urine output, to cause a slight decrease in blood pressure as a side effect. Other choices are incorrect because a decrease in blood pressure in this context is not necessarily desired (
B), therapeutic (
C), or any other specific type of side effect (D, E, F, G).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. When administering medication to an infant, the nurse must consider the principle that there's an increased risk of toxicity with the use of topical agents. This is because infants have a higher ratio of body surface area to weight, making them more susceptible to systemic absorption of topical medications, leading to potential toxicity.


Choice A is incorrect because metabolism of drugs by the kidneys is actually faster in infants due to their higher renal blood flow per gram of kidney tissue.


Choice B is incorrect as absorption of oral medications in infants is generally less predictable and slower compared to adults due to factors like gastric pH differences and immature gastrointestinal motility.


Choice D is incorrect as protein binding of drugs is typically lower in infants due to lower levels of plasma proteins.

In summary, the correct answer is C because of the increased risk of toxicity with topical agents in infants, while the other choices are incorrect due to differences in pharmacokinetics in this population.