ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Which one is not a step of pharmacokinetics?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Synthesis. Pharmacokinetics involves the study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). Synthesis is not a step of pharmacokinetics; it refers to the creation of new compounds rather than the processes of drug movement and transformation within the body. Absorption, distribution, and metabolism are integral components of pharmacokinetics as they determine a drug's concentration and effects in the body. In summary, the other choices (A, B, and
C) are steps directly related to pharmacokinetics, while synthesis (
D) is not part of this specific process.
Question 2 of 5
The patient is receiving nitroglycerin 55 mcg/min. Available: Nitroglycerin in 5% Dextrose Injection 25 mg per 250 mL (100 mcg/mL) What is the flow rate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
To determine the flow rate, we need to calculate how many mL of the solution containing 55 mcg/min of nitroglycerin will be delivered in 1 hour. Given 100 mcg/mL concentration in the solution, we can set up a proportion: 55 mcg/min * (1 mL/100 mcg) * (60 min/1 hr) = 33 mL/hr.
Therefore, the correct flow rate is 33 mL/hr. Other choices are incorrect because they do not consider the concentration of nitroglycerin in the solution or use incorrect conversion factors.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a group of nurses about the administration of nitroglycerin. Which of the following routes of administration provides the most rapid onset for the client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sublingual. Sublingual administration of nitroglycerin provides the most rapid onset because the medication is absorbed directly through the mucous membranes under the tongue, bypassing the digestive system and liver first-pass metabolism. This route allows for quick and direct absorption into the bloodstream, leading to a faster onset of action.
Incorrect choices:
A: Transdermal patch - Absorption through the skin is slower compared to sublingual administration.
B:
Topical ointment - Absorption through the skin is slower compared to sublingual administration.
C: Suspended release - This form of administration typically releases the medication slowly over time, leading to a delayed onset of action.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 300 mg PO. The amount lable is amoxicillin oral solution 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Hound the answer to the nearest tenth/whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
To determine the amount of oral solution needed, use the formula: Desired dose / Stock dose x Volume of stock solution.
Given:
Desired dose = 300 mg
Stock dose = 250 mg/5 mL
Step-by-step:
1. Calculate the volume of stock solution needed:
300 mg / 250 mg x 5 mL = 6 mL
Rationale:
The correct answer is B (6 mL) because it is the exact amount needed to administer the desired dose of amoxicillin. Other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the calculation based on the provided information.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer nitroglycerine 15 mcg/min by continuous IV infusion. Available is nitroglycerin 25 mg in 250 mL of dextrose 5% in water (D5W). The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the mL/hr rate for nitroglycerin infusion, we need to convert 15 mcg/min to mg/hr. Given 25 mg in 250 mL, we can set up a proportion to find the rate. 15 mcg/min = 15/1000 mg/min = 0.015 mg/min.
Then, 0.015 mg/min x 60 min/hr = 0.9 mg/hr. Next, we find the mL/hr by setting up a proportion: 25 mg/250 mL = 0.9 mg/x mL. Cross multiply to get x = (0.9 * 250) / 25 = 9 mL/hr.
Therefore, the correct answer is A (9 mL/hr).
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the calculated mL/hr rate based on the dosage and concentration provided.