ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Texas University Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following would the nurse correctly include in client teaching about nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)?
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale:
A: Sublingual nitroglycerin tablets should be placed under the tongue for rapid absorption. Swallowing them would reduce effectiveness.
B: Nitroglycerin is light-sensitive and can lose potency if exposed, hence storing in the original container protects it.
C: Expired nitroglycerin may be less effective or even harmful, so it should be replaced before expiration.
D: Nitroglycerin can cause a drop in blood pressure, so taking it while lying or sitting and changing positions slowly can prevent dizziness or falls.
Summary:
Choice E is incorrect because headaches are a common side effect of nitroglycerin but should not be a reason to discontinue the medication without consulting a healthcare provider.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is assessing therapeutic blood levels for a client receiving lithium (Lithobid). The nurse should recognize which of the following levels as toxic for this drug?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 1.5 mEq/L to 2 mEq/L. Therapeutic blood levels for lithium are typically between 0.6 mEq/L to 1.2 mEq/L, with toxic levels starting around 1.5 mEq/L. Levels above 2 mEq/L can lead to severe toxicity, including symptoms such as confusion, seizures, and even coma.
Choices A, B, and D are within the therapeutic range, while choice C is within the toxic range. It is essential for the nurse to monitor lithium levels closely to prevent toxicity and ensure the client's safety.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer the client's daily digoxin with furosemide. The nurse should closely monitor laboratory values for which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypokalemia. Digoxin and furosemide can both cause potassium loss leading to hypokalemia. Hypokalemia can potentiate the risk of digoxin toxicity, increasing the risk of serious cardiac arrhythmias. Monitoring potassium levels is crucial to prevent adverse effects. Hypercalcemia (
A), hypocalcemia (
C), and hyponatremia (
D) are not directly associated with the combination of digoxin and furosemide.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse understands which of the following clients with depression are appropriate for phenelzine [Nardil]?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Clients who have not responded to SSRIs and TCAs. Phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) used for treatment-resistant depression. Clients who have not responded to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) may benefit from phenelzine due to its mechanism of action. MAOIs can be effective when other antidepressants have failed.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because using phenelzine in clients with new onset signs of schizophrenia, in combination with an SSRI for increased symptoms, and in postpartum depression/lactating clients respectively, are not supported by evidence-based practice.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is performing teaching with a client being discharged with a prescription for dabigatran. Which of the following is a priority in client education?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Do not discontinue medication abruptly. This is a priority in client education because dabigatran is an anticoagulant medication, and sudden discontinuation can increase the risk of blood clots and stroke. It is essential for the client to understand the importance of consistent use and to consult their healthcare provider before making any changes to their medication regimen.
Choice A is incorrect because while dabigatran is not reversible in emergency situations like warfarin, it does not take precedence over the importance of not abruptly stopping the medication.
Choice B is incorrect because blood in urine and stool is not normal with dabigatran and should be reported to the healthcare provider immediately.
Choice D is incorrect because dabigatran has fewer food interactions compared to other anticoagulants like warfarin, making it less of a priority in client education.