ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharm Quiz Final Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
When beginning herbal products, the nurse understands that the best way to identify allergic or other adverse reactions is to have the client:
Correct Answer: Lower doses may not reveal reactions. Avoiding prescriptions isn't always necessary. Pharmacist consultation is good but not best for identification. One product at a time isolates reactions.
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Use only one herbal preparation at a time. By using only one herbal preparation at a time, the nurse can accurately identify any allergic or adverse reactions that may occur. This approach allows for clear isolation of the effects of each herb, making it easier to pinpoint the source of any reactions. Taking lower doses (choice
A) may not always reveal reactions as some individuals may still have adverse effects. Never taking herbal products with prescription medications (choice
B) is overly restrictive and not always necessary. Checking with a reputable pharmacist (choice
C) is a good practice for general information but may not be the most effective way to identify specific reactions.
Question 2 of 5
A teenage client is taking duloxetine (Cymbalta) for a generalized anxiety disorder. The dose has been changed by the physician. What adverse effects will the nurse advise the client and family to watch?
Correct Answer: Suicidal thoughts are a risk, especially in teens with dose changes. Fatigue and irritability are common. Weight gain is possible but less urgent to monitor than A, B, C.
Rationale: The correct answer is G: A, B, C. When a teenage client is taking duloxetine for generalized anxiety disorder and the dose has been changed, the nurse should advise the client and family to watch for warning signs of suicide (
A) because duloxetine can increase the risk of suicidal thoughts, especially in teens with dose changes. Fatigue (
B) and irritability (
C) are common side effects of duloxetine and should also be monitored closely. While weight gain (
D) is a possible side effect of duloxetine, it is less urgent to monitor compared to the risk of suicidal thoughts, fatigue, and irritability.
Therefore, choices A, B, and C are the most important adverse effects to watch for in this scenario.
Question 3 of 5
Which class of drugs is successful in treating an ulcer caused by H. pylori?
Correct Answer: Antacids relieve symptoms. H2 blockers and PPIs reduce acid but don't kill H. pylori. Antibiotics eradicate the bacteria, treating the ulcer's cause.
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Antibiotics. Antacids (choice
A) only provide symptomatic relief by neutralizing stomach acid. H2-receptor blockers (choice
B) and proton-pump inhibitors (choice
D) are used to reduce stomach acid secretion but do not directly target H. pylori bacteria.
Choice C, antibiotics, are successful in treating ulcers caused by H. pylori because they specifically target and eradicate the bacteria, addressing the root cause of the ulcer.
Therefore, antibiotics are the most effective class of drugs for treating H. pylori-induced ulcers.
Question 4 of 5
What is the priority action for a nurse caring for a client with a urinary tract infection before administering prescribed antibiotics?
Correct Answer: Blood pressure is routine, not priority. Urine culture identifies the bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity before treatment. PTT and platelet counts are unrelated to UTI antibiotics.
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Obtain a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity. This is the priority action because it helps identify the specific bacteria causing the UTI and determines the most effective antibiotic for treatment. This step is crucial for appropriate antibiotic therapy and to prevent antibiotic resistance. A: Obtaining a blood pressure is a routine assessment and not directly related to UTI treatment. C and D: Obtaining a PTT and platelet count are not necessary for assessing or treating a UTI; these tests are unrelated to UTI management.
Therefore, the priority action for a nurse caring for a client with a UTI is to obtain a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following triggers the pancreas to secrete insulin?
Correct Answer: Hypoglycemia triggers glucagon, not insulin. Hyperglycemia prompts insulin release to lower blood sugar. Glucagon opposes insulin. Ketoacids indicate low glucose, not insulin trigger.
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyperglycemia. When blood sugar levels are high, the pancreas responds by releasing insulin to facilitate the uptake of glucose by cells, thereby lowering blood sugar levels. This is a crucial mechanism to maintain glucose homeostasis in the body. Hypoglycemia (
A) triggers the release of glucagon to raise blood sugar levels, not insulin. Glucagon (
C) is released in response to low blood sugar levels and opposes the action of insulin. Ketoacids (
D) indicate a state of low glucose, not a trigger for insulin secretion.
Therefore, the correct trigger for the pancreas to secrete insulin is hyperglycemia.