ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
What are the two main purposes for diuretics?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The two main purposes for diuretics are to decrease fluid and decrease hypertension (lower blood pressure). Diuretics work by increasing urine output, which helps to reduce fluid volume in the body. This decrease in fluid volume leads to a reduction in blood pressure, making diuretics an effective treatment for hypertension. Other choices are incorrect because they either do not correctly describe the main purposes of diuretics or provide contradictory information.
Choice B incorrectly states that diuretics increase blood pressure, which is not true.
Choices C and D also provide incorrect information about the effects of diuretics on fluid balance and blood pressure.
Question 2 of 5
Order: 1 liter or 1000 mL of D5W to infuse over 6 hours Available: Macrodrip set: 10 gtt/mL The IV flow rate would be ______gtt/min.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the IV flow rate in gtt/min, we first convert 1 liter to mL (1 L = 1000 mL).
Then, we divide the total mL by the total hours to infuse (1000 mL / 6 hours = 166.67 mL/h). Next, we multiply the mL/h by the drip factor (166.67 mL/h x 10 gtt/mL = 1667 gtt/h). Finally, we convert gtt/hr to gtt/min by dividing by 60 (1667 gtt/h / 60 min = 27.78 gtt/min, rounded to 28 gtt/min).
Therefore, the correct answer is A (28 gtt/min). Other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the correct calculations or have rounding errors.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer dopamine 3mcg/kg/min by continuous IV infusion to a preschooler who weighs 41.8 bs. Available is dopamine 400 mg in dextrose 596 in water (D5W) 250 mL. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many ml/hr? (Round to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the IV pump rate for dopamine infusion, first, calculate the total dose required: 3mcg/kg/min x 41.8 lbs = 3mcg/kg/min x 18.98 kg = 56.94 mcg/min.
Then convert mcg to mg: 56.94 mcg/min ÷ 1000 = 0.05694 mg/min. Since there are 400 mg of dopamine in 250 mL, the rate would be: 0.05694 mg/min ÷ 400 mg/250 mL = 0.05694 mg/min x 250 mL / 400 mg = 0.0356 mL/min = 2.1 mL/hr (rounded to the nearest tenth).
Therefore, the correct answer is A: 2.1 mL/hr. Other choices are incorrect as they do not result from the accurate dosage calculation.
Question 4 of 5
A patient was prescribed heparin sodium 18 units/kg/h; titrate according to the weight-based heparin protocol. The patient's weight is 123 pounds. Heparin 25,000 units/250 mL (100 units/mL) is available. Calculate the flow rate in mL/h (Round to the nearest tenths)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the flow rate in mL/h, first convert the patient's weight from pounds to kilograms: 123 lbs / 2.2 = 55.9 kg. Next, calculate the total dose of heparin required per hour: 18 units/kg/h x 55.9 kg = 1006.2 units/h.
Then, determine the volume of heparin needed per hour: 1006.2 units/h / 100 units/mL = 10.1 mL/h. Since the flow rate should be rounded to the nearest tenths, the correct answer is 10 mL/h (
Choice
A). The other choices are incorrect because they do not reflect the accurate calculation based on the patient's weight, heparin concentration, and the prescribed dose per hour.
Question 5 of 5
CALCULATE FLOW RATES IN DROPS PER MINUTES: Order: Zosyn 1.3 g in 100 mL D5W IVPB 98h to infuse over 30 min. Drop factor: 60 gtt/mL. Determine rate in gtt/min.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C (200 gtt/min).
To calculate the flow rate in drops per minute, you first need to find the total volume to be infused: 1.3 g/100 mL. Next, convert 30 minutes to 1 hour by dividing 30 by 60, giving you 0.5 hours.
Then, divide the total volume by the infusion time in hours to get the rate in mL/min. Finally, multiply the rate in mL/min by the drop factor (60 gtt/mL) to get the flow rate in drops per minute.
Therefore, the correct answer is 200 gtt/min.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not follow the correct calculations and steps as outlined above.