Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. When a medication is advised to use with caution in the elderly due to declining renal function, monitoring the client's BUN and creatinine for an increase from baseline is crucial. This is because declining renal function can affect the excretion of medications, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity in the elderly. Monitoring for an increase in BUN and creatinine levels helps detect early signs of impaired renal function, enabling timely interventions such as medication dose adjustments or discontinuation to prevent adverse effects. Administering medications at different times (
A) and comparing armbands with medication records (
B) are important nursing tasks but not specific to renal function caution. Monitoring for a decrease in BUN and creatinine (
C) would not be indicative of declining renal function in this context.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction is a common side effect of many medications, causing embarrassment and affecting quality of life, leading individuals to discontinue the medication. Fatigue, vaginal discharge, and urinary frequency are not typically associated with medication side effects that would prompt nonadherence in the same way erectile dysfunction does.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Placing the patient on a cardiac monitor is crucial when administering intravenous potassium replacement due to the potential risk of cardiac arrhythmias associated with low potassium levels. Checking the patency of the IV ensures the proper delivery of the potassium supplement without causing complications like phlebitis or infiltration.


Choice B is incorrect because administering potassium intravenously in an IV push bolus can lead to adverse effects such as tissue irritation and cardiac arrest.


Choice C is incorrect as discontinuing other medications without consulting the healthcare provider may be detrimental to the patient's overall health.


Choice D is incorrect as avoiding potassium-rich foods in the diet is not necessary when administering intravenous potassium replacement since the goal is to rapidly increase potassium levels to a safe range.

In summary, choice A is the correct action to ensure patient safety and effective potassium replacement therapy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: intravenous. Intravenous administration provides the most rapid onset because the medication is directly delivered into the bloodstream, bypassing the absorption process. This allows for immediate systemic distribution and action.
Topical patch (
B) is absorbed through the skin and has a slower onset. Sublingual (
C) administration involves absorption through the mucous membranes under the tongue, which is faster than oral but still slower than intravenous. Intramuscular (
D) administration involves absorption through muscle tissue, which is slower than intravenous due to the need for absorption into the bloodstream.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: How long it will take to see the maximum effect of the medication. The peak effect refers to the time when the medication reaches its highest concentration in the bloodstream, resulting in the maximum therapeutic effect. This is important for determining the optimal timing of medication administration to achieve the desired outcome.

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not specifically address the concept of peak effect. Option A focuses on the duration of medication effects rather than the timing of the peak effect. Option C refers to the onset of therapeutic effect, which is different from the peak effect. Option D describes the concept of half-life, which is unrelated to the timing of peak effect.