ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Texas University Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer enoxaparin (Lovenox) to a client before hip replacement surgery. Which of the following conditions would prevent the nurse from administering this drug?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bleeding disorder. Enoxaparin is an anticoagulant that can increase the risk of bleeding. Administering it to a client with a bleeding disorder could exacerbate their condition and lead to severe bleeding complications. Deep Vein Thrombosis (
A), Pulmonary Embolism (
D), and a Heart Rate of 60 (
C) are not contraindications for administering enoxaparin before hip replacement surgery. Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism are actually conditions for which enoxaparin is commonly used as a preventative measure. A heart rate of 60 is within normal range and would not prevent the administration of enoxaparin.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is administering the first dose of hydralazine to an older adult. The nurse should place the client on which of the following precautions?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fall precautions. Hydralazine can cause orthostatic hypotension, especially in older adults, leading to an increased risk of falls. Placing the client on fall precautions involves ensuring a safe environment, using assistive devices, and implementing measures to prevent falls. Airborne precautions (
A) are for diseases transmitted through droplet nuclei, suicide precautions (
C) are for clients at risk of self-harm, and standard precautions (
D) are used for all clients to prevent the transmission of infections.
Question 3 of 5
A patient has been brought to the emergency department by ambulance experiencing blood pressure 200/130 mmHg with chest pain. The nurse anticipates which of the following medications for immediate treatment of hypertension
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: The correct medications for immediate treatment of hypertension in this scenario are Nitroprusside, Labetalol, and Nitroglycerin. Nitroprusside is a potent vasodilator that rapidly reduces blood pressure. Labetalol is a combined alpha and beta blocker, effective for hypertensive emergencies. Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator that helps reduce chest pain by dilating coronary arteries.
Heparin (
B) is an anticoagulant and not indicated for immediate blood pressure reduction. Digoxin (E) is used for heart failure and arrhythmias, not for acute hypertension.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is preparing a client for discharge with a medical prescription for the HMG-CoA inhibitor, lovastatin [Mevacor]. Which statements from the client demonstrate a clear understanding of the teaching provided by the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Rationale:
A is correct because lovastatin is best taken at night to coincide with the body's natural cholesterol production cycle and avoiding grapefruit juice prevents drug interactions.
B is incorrect because lovastatin should be taken with food to enhance absorption.
C is incorrect as dark, leafy greens are healthy and can be consumed with lovastatin.
D is incorrect because increasing potassium-rich foods and alcohol intake is not related to lovastatin therapy.
Question 5 of 5
A client is being discharged with a new prescription for propranolol [Inderal LA]. Which of the following must be included in discharge instructions?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Medication cannot be stopped abruptly. Propranolol is a beta-blocker used to treat various conditions like hypertension and angina. Abruptly stopping propranolol can lead to rebound hypertension, angina attacks, or even myocardial infarction. It is crucial to taper off the medication gradually under a healthcare provider's supervision to prevent these adverse effects.
Choice A is incorrect because propranolol does not typically affect potassium levels or interact with salt supplements.
Choice B is incorrect as yellow or blurred vision is not a common side effect of propranolol.
Choice D is also incorrect as propranolol does not interact with grapefruit juice.