ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Texas University Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is preparing discharge instructions for a patient taking warfarin (Coumadin). Which would the nurse correctly include in the discharge instructions?
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: B, C, D
Rationale:
B: Carrying an emergency ID is crucial as it alerts healthcare providers about warfarin use in case of emergencies.
C: Avoiding hazardous activities reduces the risk of bleeding, a common side effect of warfarin.
D: Regular follow-up and lab work are essential to monitor warfarin's effectiveness and prevent complications.
Incorrect
Choices:
A: Eating large salads can affect warfarin's effectiveness due to vitamin K content.
E: Alcohol can interact with warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding.
Summary: The correct choices focus on safety and monitoring while the incorrect choices pose risks of interactions and complications.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse will administer which of the following to a hospitalized client experiencing difficulty falling asleep for short-term management of insomnia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Zolpidem [Ambien]. Zolpidem is a sedative-hypnotic medication used for short-term management of insomnia. It acts on the GABA receptors in the brain to promote sleep. Fluoxetine (
B) is an antidepressant and not typically used for insomnia. Morphine (
C) is an opioid used for pain management, not for insomnia. Aspirin (
D) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for pain relief and inflammation, not for insomnia.
Therefore, Zolpidem is the appropriate choice for a client experiencing difficulty falling asleep.
Question 3 of 5
The client, diagnosed with coronary artery disease and a recent myocardial infarction, is being discharged. The client has a medical prescription for nitroglycerin sublingual as needed. Which nursing instruction is correct?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct nursing instruction is D: Take 1 tablet of nitroglycerin and call 911 or go to the emergency department if chest pain is not relieved in 5 minutes, and repeat medication for a total of 3 tablets at 5-minute intervals. This instruction is correct because nitroglycerin is a fast-acting medication that helps to dilate blood vessels, improving blood flow to the heart and reducing chest pain. In cases of angina or myocardial infarction, it is crucial to seek emergency care if the pain is not relieved after taking the medication. The 5-minute intervals for repeating the medication are appropriate to manage the chest pain effectively.
Choice A is incorrect because swallowing nitroglycerin tablets will not provide immediate relief as sublingual administration is needed.
Choice B is incorrect as transdermal patches are not used for acute chest pain relief.
Choice C is incorrect as placing 3 tablets under the tongue is excessive and may lead to adverse effects.
Question 4 of 5
A client diagnosed with schizophrenia is on drug treatment (chlorpromazine) and states, "I recently started having muscle spasms in my face and neck." Which of the following is the nurse's best response?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "I will notify the physician." This response is the best course of action because muscle spasms in the face and neck could be a sign of a serious side effect of chlorpromazine called tardive dyskinesia. It is important for the nurse to promptly inform the physician to evaluate the need for adjusting the medication or exploring alternative treatment options.
Choice B is incorrect as addiction is not a typical side effect of chlorpromazine.
Choice C is incorrect as muscle spasms are not a symptom of schizophrenia itself.
Choice D is incorrect as muscle spasms should not be considered normal while taking the drug.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following medications is administered during an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and continued indefinitely after?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Aspirin. Aspirin is administered during an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction to prevent further clot formation by inhibiting platelet aggregation. It is continued indefinitely after the event to reduce the risk of future cardiovascular events. Morphine is used for pain relief, heparin is an anticoagulant, and streptokinase is a fibrinolytic agent used to dissolve clots during acute events, but they are not continued indefinitely post-MI.