ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Texas University Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The client, diagnosed with coronary artery disease and a recent myocardial infarction, is being discharged. The client has a medical prescription for nitroglycerin sublingual as needed. Which nursing instruction is correct?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct nursing instruction is D: Take 1 tablet of nitroglycerin and call 911 or go to the emergency department if chest pain is not relieved in 5 minutes, and repeat medication for a total of 3 tablets at 5-minute intervals. This instruction is correct because nitroglycerin is a fast-acting medication that helps to dilate blood vessels, improving blood flow to the heart and reducing chest pain. In cases of angina or myocardial infarction, it is crucial to seek emergency care if the pain is not relieved after taking the medication. The 5-minute intervals for repeating the medication are appropriate to manage the chest pain effectively.
Choice A is incorrect because swallowing nitroglycerin tablets will not provide immediate relief as sublingual administration is needed.
Choice B is incorrect as transdermal patches are not used for acute chest pain relief.
Choice C is incorrect as placing 3 tablets under the tongue is excessive and may lead to adverse effects.
Question 2 of 5
A client diagnosed with schizophrenia is on drug treatment (chlorpromazine) and states, "I recently started having muscle spasms in my face and neck." Which of the following is the nurse's best response?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "I will notify the physician." This response is the best course of action because muscle spasms in the face and neck could be a sign of a serious side effect of chlorpromazine called tardive dyskinesia. It is important for the nurse to promptly inform the physician to evaluate the need for adjusting the medication or exploring alternative treatment options.
Choice B is incorrect as addiction is not a typical side effect of chlorpromazine.
Choice C is incorrect as muscle spasms are not a symptom of schizophrenia itself.
Choice D is incorrect as muscle spasms should not be considered normal while taking the drug.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following medications is administered during an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and continued indefinitely after?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Aspirin. Aspirin is administered during an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction to prevent further clot formation by inhibiting platelet aggregation. It is continued indefinitely after the event to reduce the risk of future cardiovascular events. Morphine is used for pain relief, heparin is an anticoagulant, and streptokinase is a fibrinolytic agent used to dissolve clots during acute events, but they are not continued indefinitely post-MI.
Question 4 of 5
A client is taking a calcium channel blocker (CCB). The nurse knows to monitor for which of the following dangerous side effects of this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Heart Failure. Calcium channel blockers can cause negative inotropic effects leading to decreased contractility of the heart muscle, potentially resulting in heart failure. Monitoring for signs such as shortness of breath, edema, and fatigue is crucial. Drowsiness (
B), headache (
C), and hypertension (
D) are less commonly associated with calcium channel blockers and are not considered dangerous side effects.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is screening a client with a new prescription for beta blocker adrenergic propranolol [Inderal LA]. The nurse recognizes that this medication is contraindicated in the presence of which of the following conditions?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Asthma. Propranolol is contraindicated in asthma because it can cause bronchospasm due to its non-selective beta-blocking effects on both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors in the lungs. This can worsen respiratory function and potentially lead to an asthma exacerbation. Angina (choice
A) is often a reason for prescribing beta blockers. Tachycardia (choice
B) can also be managed with beta blockers. Gout (choice
D) is not a contraindication for propranolol use.