ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharm Quiz Final Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Complete the following statement: “Drugs used for the treatment of depression and a range of anxiety disorders including panic, social phobia, and post-traumatic stress disorder are known as…â€
Correct Answer: Barbiturates are sedatives. Rebound insomnia isn't a drug. Antidepressants treat depression and anxiety disorders. Anxiolytics focus on anxiety.
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Antidepressants. Antidepressants are drugs specifically designed to treat depression and various anxiety disorders, including panic, social phobia, and post-traumatic stress disorder. They work by balancing neurotransmitters in the brain to improve mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety. Barbiturates (
A) are sedatives, not typically used for treating anxiety or depression. Rebound insomnia (
B) is a phenomenon where insomnia worsens after discontinuing sleep medications, not a class of drugs. Anxiolytics (
D) are drugs that specifically target anxiety symptoms, but they do not usually address depression.
Therefore, the correct choice is C as it accurately describes the drugs used for treating depression and a range of anxiety disorders.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has deep vein thrombosis. The client has been receiving IV heparin for the past 5 days and now has a new prescription for oral warfarin in addition to the heparin. The client asks the nurse if both medications are necessary. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: Heparin and warfarin prevent clot growth, not dissolution. No enhancement occurs. Heparin bridges until warfarin's therapeutic level is reached, typically 3 days.
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: D. "Heparin will be continued until the warfarin reaches a therapeutic level."
Rationale:
1. Heparin and warfarin work differently: Heparin prevents new clots, while warfarin stabilizes existing clots.
2. Transition period: Heparin is continued initially to prevent clotting while warfarin reaches its full anticoagulant effect.
3. Therapeutic level: Warfarin takes time to reach its target level for optimal clot prevention.
4. No clot dissolution: Neither heparin nor warfarin directly dissolve clots; they prevent further clot formation.
Summary of other choices:
A: Incorrect. Misleading information about clot dissolution.
B: Incorrect. Unnecessary escalation without clarifying the situation.
C: Incorrect. Misconception about the relationship between heparin and warfarin.
Question 3 of 5
After taking the medication guaifenesin (Mucinex), the client complains of coughing up phlegm. What is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: Guaifenesin is an expectorant that loosens mucus, making coughing up phlegm a normal response. It's not indicative of more pathology, an allergic reaction, or a need for investigation unless symptoms worsen unusually.
Rationale:
Step 1: Identify the medication's action - Guaifenesin is an expectorant that helps loosen and thin mucus in the airways.
Step 2: Understand the expected response - Coughing up phlegm after taking guaifenesin is a normal response due to the medication's action.
Step 3: Evaluate the other choices - A, B, and C are incorrect because coughing up phlegm is not indicative of more pathology, an allergic reaction, or a need for further investigation in this context.
Step 4: Choose the correct response - Option G correctly acknowledges that coughing up phlegm is a normal response to guaifenesin and does not suggest any unnecessary concerns or actions.
Question 4 of 5
How does drug therapy of tuberculosis differ from that of most other infections?
Correct Answer: TB patients can have symptoms. Drugs treat both active disease and prevention (latent TB). TB therapy is longer (6-9 months+). Mycobacteria's resistant cell wall necessitates prolonged, combined drug therapy.
Rationale: The correct answer is G. The rationale is as follows:
1. TB patients can have symptoms: TB can present with symptoms such as cough, fever, weight loss, and night sweats.
2. Drugs treat both active disease and prevention: Antituberculosis drugs are used for both treating active TB disease and preventing latent TB from developing into active disease.
3. TB therapy is longer: TB therapy typically lasts 6-9 months or longer due to the slow-growing nature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the need to prevent drug resistance.
4. Mycobacteria's resistant cell wall: Mycobacteria have a unique cell wall that is resistant to penetration by many antibiotics, necessitating prolonged and combined drug therapy for effective treatment.
In summary, the other choices are incorrect because patients with TB can have symptoms, antituberculosis drugs are used for both treatment and prevention, therapy duration is usually longer, and the unique cell wall of Mycobacteria requires specific drug regimens.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assisting with the care of four clients who have peptic ulcer disease. The nurse should identify that misoprostol (Cytotec) is contraindicated for which of the following clients?
Correct Answer: Misoprostol can induce labor or miscarriage, making it contraindicated in pregnancy. It's safe for osteoarthritis, UTIs, and kidney stones as it doesn't interact adversely with these conditions.
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: A. A client who is pregnant.
Rationale: Misoprostol is contraindicated in pregnancy as it can induce labor or miscarriage due to its uterotonic effects. This medication is used to prevent gastric ulcers in patients taking NSAIDs, not for conditions like osteoarthritis, urinary tract infection, or kidney stones. Thus, it is important to avoid its use in pregnant individuals to prevent harm to the fetus.
Summary of Other
Choices:
B: Misoprostol is safe for a client with osteoarthritis as it does not pose any specific risks or contraindications for this condition.
C: Misoprostol does not interact adversely with urinary tract infections, so it is safe for a client with this condition.
D: Misoprostol does not have any contraindications for kidney stones; therefore, it is safe for a client with this condition.