ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Calculate the following dosage using ratio and proportions method. Round answers to the nearest tenth. Order: Tegretol 200 mg p.o.t.i.d. Available
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
To calculate the dosage of Tegretol, use the formula: Desired dose/Available dose = X/1. Start with the desired dose of 200 mg and the available dose of 1 tablet. Cross-multiply to find X: 200/1 = X/200, X = 200. So, the patient needs 200 mg, which is equivalent to 1 tablet. Since the order is for 200 mg p.o.t.i.d (three times a day), the total daily dosage would be 3 tablets.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: 2 tabs.
Choice A is incorrect because it doesn't consider the frequency of administration.
Choice C is incorrect as it's less than the calculated dosage.
Choice D is incorrect as it's higher than the calculated dosage.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer hydrocortisone 100 mg IM daily to a client. Available is hydrocortisone 250 mg/2 mL. How many mi should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 0.8 mL.
To determine the correct dose, first, calculate the total volume needed for 100 mg of hydrocortisone using the given concentration (250 mg/2 mL). Set up a proportion: 250 mg is to 2 mL as 100 mg is to X mL. Cross multiply to get 250X = 200, then divide by 250 to find X = 0.8 mL. This calculation ensures the correct dosage is administered.
Choice A (3 mL) is incorrect as it does not accurately reflect the calculated dose.
Choice C (8 mL) is incorrect as it is too high of a volume for the dose required.
Choice D (0.08 mL) is incorrect as it is too low of a volume for the dose needed.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is calculating the fluid intake for an infant at the end of an 8-hr shift. For oral intake, the infant had 10 mL of medication, 3 oz of formula, and 2 oz of juice. In addition, the infant had IV fluid infusing at 20 mL/hr via an IV pump. The nurse should record how many mL of intake on the clients record? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
To calculate the total fluid intake for the infant, we first convert the volumes to milliliters for accuracy. The medication is already in mL (10 mL). Convert 3 oz to mL (3 oz ≈ 90 mL) and 2 oz to mL (2 oz ≈ 60 mL). Add these amounts (10 mL + 90 mL + 60 mL) for oral intake = 160 mL. For IV intake, 20 mL/hr × 8 hrs = 160 mL. Add the oral intake and IV intake (160 mL + 160 mL) = 320 mL.
Therefore, the correct answer is C (320 mL). Option A (310 mL) is incorrect as it does not account for the IV intake. Option B (390 mL) is incorrect as it overestimates the total intake. Option D (180 mL) is incorrect as it only considers the oral intake, excluding the IV intake.
Question 4 of 5
Which factors may affect drug absorption? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: The correct factors that may affect drug absorption are A, B, C, and E.
A: Gastric emptying time affects the rate at which the drug moves from the stomach to the intestines for absorption.
B: Capillary walls with large spaces between cells allow for easier drug diffusion into the bloodstream.
C: Stability and solubility of the medication impact its ability to dissolve and be absorbed effectively.
E: Presence of food in the stomach or intestines can alter the pH and enzymes, affecting drug absorption.
D: Inspiratory effort is related to respiratory function, not drug absorption.
Question 5 of 5
Order: 1000 mL of D5½NS with 1 ampule of multiple vitamins to infuse over 8 hours Available: Macrodrip set: 15 gtt/mL Calculate the IV flow rate in gtt/min.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the IV flow rate in gtt/min, first determine the total volume to infuse (1000 mL) over the total time (8 hours = 480 minutes).
Then, calculate the flow rate using the formula: Flow rate (gtt/min) =
Total volume (mL) /
Total time (min). Substituting values, we get 1000 mL / 480 min = 2.08 mL/min. Next, convert mL/min to gtt/min using the drip factor (15 gtt/mL): 2.08 mL/min x 15 gtt/mL = 31.2 gtt/min. Since we can't have a fraction of a drop, round down to the nearest whole number, making the correct answer 31 gtt/min. Other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately result from the calculations.