ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Calculate the dosage using the label below. Round to the nearest tenth place. Order: Celestone, Soluspan (betamethasone) 12 mg IM q24 hr. for 2 doses. Available
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 2 mL IM.
To calculate the dosage, we need to multiply the dose ordered (12 mg) by the number of doses (2) to get a total of 24 mg. Next, we need to check the concentration of the medication. If the concentration is 6 mg/mL, we divide the total dose (24 mg) by the concentration (6 mg/mL) to get 4 mL.
Therefore, the correct dosage is 4 mL. Option A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not follow the calculation based on the ordered dose and concentration provided on the label. Option E, F, and G are not applicable.
Question 2 of 5
Where do enteric coated tablets typically disintegrate in the body?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Duodenum. Enteric-coated tablets are designed to withstand the acidic environment of the stomach and only disintegrate in the alkaline environment of the duodenum. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine, where the pH is higher due to the presence of bicarbonate from the pancreas. This delayed release allows for protection of the drug from stomach acid and enzymes.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because enteric-coated tablets are specifically formulated to avoid disintegration in the esophagus, stomach, or colon.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is experiencing status epileptics. The nurse anticipates immediate administration of which drug?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diazepam. In status epilepticus, rapid termination of seizures is crucial to prevent brain damage. Diazepam is the drug of choice due to its rapid onset of action and effectiveness in stopping seizures quickly. It acts by enhancing the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Phenobarbital (
B) has a slower onset of action and is not ideal for immediate seizure control. Valproic acid (
C) and Phenytoin (
D) are also effective but have slower onset compared to diazepam. Other choices are irrelevant. In summary, Diazepam is the immediate drug of choice in status epilepticus for its rapid action in terminating seizures.
Question 4 of 5
Order: lidocaine 2 g in 250 mL of D5W at 30 mL/h What is the flow rate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 30 mL/hr.
To calculate the flow rate, first convert 2 g of lidocaine to mL using the drug concentration.
Then divide by the time in hours. The other choices are incorrect because they do not correctly calculate the flow rate based on the given information.
Choice A is the initial volume, not the flow rate.
Choices C, D, and E are incorrect calculations based on incorrect conversions or misinterpretations of the question.
Question 5 of 5
A client who is taking digoxin asks the nurse if they can take an antacid for heartburn. What is the nurse's best response?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Antacids can interfere with the absorption of digoxin if taken simultaneously, leading to decreased drug effectiveness. Instructing the client to take the antacid at least 2 hours before or after digoxin administration helps avoid this interaction.
Choice A is incorrect because taking antacids with digoxin directly may not be advisable.
Choice B is incorrect as it oversimplifies the potential interaction between digoxin and antacids.
Choice D is incorrect as it correctly identifies the interaction but does not provide a practical solution.