ATI LPN
ATI NS122 Pediatrics Monroe College NY PN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
An infant with hydrocele is seen in the clinic for a follow-up visit at 1 month of age. The scrotum is smaller than it was at birth, but fluid is still visible on illumination. Which of the following actions is the physician likely to recommend?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: No treatment is necessary, the fluid is reabsorbing normally: - This option suggests that the hydrocele is resolving spontaneously, which is often the case in infants. The physician may choose to observe the hydrocele over time as it is likely to resolve without intervention. Keeping the infant in a flat, supine position until the fluid is gone: - This option does not address the underlying cause of the hydrocele and is not a standard treatment recommendation. Additionally, positioning changes are unlikely to affect the resolution of the hydrocele. Referral to a surgeon for repair: - Surgical repair may be considered if the hydrocele persists beyond a certain age or if it causes discomfort or complications. However, it is typically not recommended in infants unless the hydrocele persists beyond infancy or causes other issues. Massaging the groin area twice a day until the fluid is gone: - Massaging the groin area is not a recommended treatment for hydrocele and may not be effective in resolving the condition. Additionally, manipulating the scrotum may cause discomfort or injury to the infant.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about lice with the parents of a school-age child at a well-child visit. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lice do not survive away from the host.' - This statement is incorrect. Lice can survive away from the host (human scalp) for a limited period, usually up to 1-2 days. They may be found on items such as bedding, clothing, hats, or hair accessories.
Therefore, proper cleaning and disinfection of these items are essential to prevent the spread of lice. 'Washing your child's hair daily will prevent lice.' - This statement is incorrect. While maintaining good hygiene is important, washing hair daily does not necessarily prevent lice infestation. Lice infestations occur through direct head-to-head contact with an infested person, not due to uncleanliness. Additionally, lice are more commonly found in clean hair rather than dirty hair. 'Encourage your child to avoid sharing hats with other children.' - This statement is correct. Sharing personal items such as hats, scarves, brushes, or hair accessories can facilitate the spread of lice from one person to another.
Therefore, it's important to advise children not to share these items to reduce the risk of lice transmission. 'Lice can jump from one child to another.' - This statement is incorrect. Lice do not have the ability to jump or fly. They spread through direct contact with the hair or scalp of an infested person. However, they can crawl quickly from one person to another, especially when there is close contact, such as during play or when sharing personal items.
Question 3 of 5
A child is diagnosed with Wilms' tumor. During assessment, the nurse in charge expects to detect:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gross hematuria: Gross hematuria refers to visible blood in the urine, which can present as pink, red, or cola-colored urine. While hematuria can be associated with various kidney conditions, including Wilms' tumor, it is not a consistent or defining symptom of this specific tumor. Additionally, because the tumor is typically confined within the kidney and does not usually invade the urinary tract, gross hematuria might not always be present. Dysuria: Dysuria is the medical term for painful or difficult urination. It is not a typical symptom of Wilms' tumor, as this tumor primarily affects the kidney and may not directly affect the urinary tract in a way that causes painful urination. An abdominal mass: This is the correct answer. Wilms' tumor often presents as a palpable abdominal mass, which may be felt during physical examination. The mass is usually firm, non-tender, and confined to one side of the abdomen. Detection of an abdominal mass should prompt further diagnostic evaluation to confirm the diagnosis and plan appropriate treatment. Nausea and vomiting: While some children with Wilms' tumor may experience nausea and vomiting, these symptoms are nonspecific and can be caused by various conditions. They are not considered characteristic or defining features of Wilms' tumor. The presence of nausea and vomiting would prompt further assessment to determine the underlying cause.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reviewing discharge instructions with a client who has pruritus following treatment for scabies. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Take a hot shower daily to relieve itching.' This instruction is not recommended because hot water can exacerbate itching and worsen the condition. Hot showers can strip the skin of its natural oils, leading to further dryness and irritation, which may aggravate the itching associated with scabies. 'Wear loose fitting clothing while you are experiencing itching.' This instruction is appropriate because loose-fitting clothing can help minimize friction and irritation on the skin affected by scabies. Tight clothing can exacerbate itching and discomfort, so wearing loose clothing can provide relief and allow the skin to breathe. 'Add fabric softener to linens when they are washed.' This instruction is not recommended because fabric softeners may contain chemicals or fragrances that can irritate the skin, especially for someone with pruritus or scabies. It's best to use gentle, fragrance-free laundry detergent to wash linens and clothing to minimize potential irritation. 'Use a soft bristle brush to gently rub the affected areas.' This instruction is not recommended because using a brush, even if it has soft bristles, can further irritate the skin and potentially spread the scabies mites to other areas of the body. It's best to avoid any abrasive or vigorous rubbing of the affected areas and instead focus on gentle cleansing and moisturizing techniques.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a child who has a suspected diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Maintain seizure precautions: While seizures can occur as a complication of bacterial meningitis, maintaining seizure precautions is not the nurse's priority at this stage. Prompt administration of antibiotics to address the underlying infection takes precedence over seizure precautions. Document intake and output: Documenting intake and output is an important nursing responsibility, but it is not the priority when a child is suspected of having bacterial meningitis. The immediate priority is to initiate antibiotic therapy to treat the infection and prevent further complications. Administer antibiotics when available: Administering antibiotics is the priority in the care of a child with suspected bacterial meningitis. Antibiotics are crucial for treating the infection and preventing its progression to reduce the risk of serious complications such as brain damage or death. Reduce environmental stimuli: While reducing environmental stimuli can help manage symptoms and discomfort in a child with bacterial meningitis, it is not the priority at this time. Initiating antibiotic therapy is essential to address the underlying infection, which takes precedence over environmental stimuli reduction.