Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Personality disorders are characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating from those accepted by the individual's culture. These patterns develop early, are inflexible, and are associated with significant distress or disability. However, the behaviors described in the question are not specific to personality disorders. Affective disorders, also known as mood disorders, involve persistent feelings of sadness or periods of feeling overly happy, or fluctuations from extreme happiness to extreme sadness. The behaviors mentioned in the question do not align with the symptoms of affective disorders. Dysfunctional disorder is not a recognized term in psychiatric diagnosis.
Therefore, it cannot be the correct answer. Conduct disorder is a mental health condition that affects children and teens. People with this condition persistently display severely antisocial and aggressive behaviors. They may bully others, be abusive to small animals, lie, steal, drink alcohol, use drugs, or skip school, often before their teenage years. The behaviors described in the question align with the symptoms of conduct disorder.

Correct Answer: A,B,C,D

Rationale: Mutuality involves a shared understanding and agreement between the nurse and the client about the goals and direction of therapy. Caring involves showing kindness, concern, and support for the client. Empathy involves understanding and sharing the feelings of the client. Genuineness involves being open, honest, and authentic in interactions with the client.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: While anxiety disorder can cause physical symptoms such as stomach aches, the fact that all labs and x-rays relevant to his abdominal discomfort have been normal suggests that the boy's symptoms may not be due to anxiety. Acute stress disorder is characterized by severe anxiety, dissociative, and other symptoms that occur within one month after exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor. Given the information provided, it is unlikely that the boy's stomach aches are due to acute stress disorder. Personality disorders are characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience. Given the information provided, it is unlikely that the boy's stomach aches are due to a personality disorder. Somatoform disorders are characterized by physical symptoms that suggest physical illness or injury, but which cannot be explained fully by a general medical condition. Given that the boy's stomach aches persist despite normal lab and x-ray results, a somatoform disorder may be a possible explanation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a person must satisfy their basic physiological needs (e.g., food, water, sleep) and safety needs (e.g., security, stability) before they can fulfill their needs for love/belonging and self-esteem.
Therefore, security is a basic need that must be satisfied before a person can achieve self-esteem.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Overinvolvement with unapproved friends could potentially lead to negative influences and behaviors, but it does not directly correlate with the symptoms described. Overinvolvement with social media could explain the girl's symptoms. Excessive use of social media can lead to social isolation, increased stress, and decreased enjoyment in previously loved activities. While attention-deficit disorder could explain some of the symptoms, such as a decrease in school performance, it does not typically result in social withdrawal or an increased desire to stay in her room. An eating disorder could potentially explain the girl's withdrawal and increased stress, but there is no mention of changes in eating habits or concerns about body image.