ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A physician ordered 1/4 strength Isomil 12 oz via nasogastric tube over 6 hours. How much solvent (water) will be needed?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 270 mL.
To calculate the amount of solvent needed, we first find the total volume of the Isomil solution: 12 oz x 1/4 = 3 oz. Next, convert 3 oz to mL (1 oz = 30 mL), so 3 oz x 30 mL/oz = 90 mL. Since the Isomil solution will be administered over 6 hours, divide 90 mL by 6 hours to get the rate per hour: 90 mL / 6 hours = 15 mL/hour. Finally, multiply the rate per hour by the total duration (6 hours): 15 mL/hour x 6 hours = 90 mL.
Therefore, the total amount of solvent needed is 90 mL, and when added to the 12 oz of Isomil, the total volume is 270 mL. Other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the correct calculations based on the given information.
Question 2 of 5
Order: dobutamine 5 mcg/kg/min Patient's weight: 152 lb Available: dobutamine 500 mg in 250 mL D5W What is the flow rate in ml/hr? (Round to the nearest tenths)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
To calculate the flow rate in mL/hr, first convert the patient's weight to kg: 152 lb ÷ 2.2 = 69.09 kg.
Then, calculate the dobutamine dose per hour: 5 mcg/kg/min x 69.09 kg x 60 min = 20727 mcg/hr. Next, convert mcg to mg: 20727 mcg ÷ 1000 = 20.727 mg/hr. Finally, determine the flow rate using the formula: (20.727 mg/hr ÷ 500 mg) x 250 mL = 10.3635 mL/hr, rounded to 10.4 mL/hr (
Choice
D).
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect due to incorrect calculations or units.
Question 3 of 5
Which drug groups do not inhibit clot formation? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Antihypertensives, Antibiotics, Antipyretics, and Antiemetics do not inhibit clot formation. Antihypertensives lower blood pressure, antibiotics treat infections, antipyretics reduce fever, and antiemetics prevent vomiting. These drug groups do not interfere with the clotting process. In contrast, anticoagulants (
A) specifically inhibit clot formation by preventing blood clotting factors from working effectively.
Question 4 of 5
Which method are for administering drugs by parenteral routes? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: The correct answers for administering drugs by parenteral routes are Subcutaneous (
A), Intramuscular (
B), Intradermal (
D), and Intravenous (E). Subcutaneous involves injecting into the fatty layer beneath the skin, ensuring slow absorption. Intramuscular delivers medication into a muscle for faster absorption. Intradermal is used for allergy testing or small injections into the dermis. Intravenous delivers drugs directly into the bloodstream for immediate effect. Nasogastric tube (
C) administers drugs through the nose into the stomach, bypassing the parenteral route.
Question 5 of 5
A continuous heparin infusion is to begin at 15 units/kg/hr for a client weighing 82 kg. Available: 25,000 units of heparin in 250 mL D5W. Calculate the mL/hr. (the pump is capable of delivering in tenths of an mL).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate mL/hr for heparin infusion, first, determine total units needed per hour: 15 units/kg/hr * 82 kg = 1,230 units/hr. Next, calculate mL/hr using the available concentration: 25,000 units / 250 mL = 100 units/mL. Finally, divide total units needed per hour by units per mL: 1,230 units/hr / 100 units/mL = 12.3 mL/hr. This is the correct answer (
A). Other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the correct calculation method or misinterpret the given information.