ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Texas University Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 4
A patient has been brought to the emergency department by ambulance experiencing blood pressure 200/130 mmHg with chest pain. The nurse anticipates which of the following medications for immediate treatment of hypertension
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: The correct medications for immediate treatment of hypertension in this scenario are Nitroprusside, Labetalol, and Nitroglycerin. Nitroprusside is a potent vasodilator that rapidly reduces blood pressure. Labetalol is a combined alpha and beta blocker, effective for hypertensive emergencies. Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator that helps reduce chest pain by dilating coronary arteries.
Heparin (
B) is an anticoagulant and not indicated for immediate blood pressure reduction. Digoxin (E) is used for heart failure and arrhythmias, not for acute hypertension.
Question 2 of 4
The nurse is preparing a client for discharge with a medical prescription for the HMG-CoA inhibitor, lovastatin [Mevacor]. Which statements from the client demonstrate a clear understanding of the teaching provided by the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Rationale:
A is correct because lovastatin is best taken at night to coincide with the body's natural cholesterol production cycle and avoiding grapefruit juice prevents drug interactions.
B is incorrect because lovastatin should be taken with food to enhance absorption.
C is incorrect as dark, leafy greens are healthy and can be consumed with lovastatin.
D is incorrect because increasing potassium-rich foods and alcohol intake is not related to lovastatin therapy.
Question 3 of 4
A client is being discharged with a new prescription for propranolol [Inderal LA]. Which of the following must be included in discharge instructions?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Medication cannot be stopped abruptly. Propranolol is a beta-blocker used to treat various conditions like hypertension and angina. Abruptly stopping propranolol can lead to rebound hypertension, angina attacks, or even myocardial infarction. It is crucial to taper off the medication gradually under a healthcare provider's supervision to prevent these adverse effects.
Choice A is incorrect because propranolol does not typically affect potassium levels or interact with salt supplements.
Choice B is incorrect as yellow or blurred vision is not a common side effect of propranolol.
Choice D is also incorrect as propranolol does not interact with grapefruit juice.
Question 4 of 4
A client with type 1 diabetes is taking propranolol [Inderal], acting confused, and reports weakness and feeling shaky. What must the nurse check first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Capillary blood glucose level. In this scenario, the client is displaying symptoms of hypoglycemia, which can be induced by propranolol in diabetic patients. Checking the blood glucose level is crucial as hypoglycemia can be life-threatening. Renal function tests (
A) are not directly related to the symptoms presented. Blood pressure (
C) and serum electrolyte levels (
D) may be affected by propranolol but are not the priority in this situation.
Question 5 of 4
A client is brought to the emergency department in acute alcohol withdrawal. Which of the following medications does the nurse anticipate will be ordered to prevent seizures and delirium tremens?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Diazepam [Valium]. Diazepam is a benzodiazepine used to treat alcohol withdrawal symptoms by preventing seizures and delirium tremens. It acts by enhancing the inhibitory effects of GABA in the brain, reducing excitability and preventing withdrawal symptoms. Zolpidem (
A) is a sedative-hypnotic but not used for alcohol withdrawal. Morphine (
B) is an opioid analgesic and can worsen alcohol withdrawal. Fluoxetine (
D) is an antidepressant and not indicated for acute alcohol withdrawal.