ATI LPN
PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse working in an urgent care clinic is collecting data from a client who takes montelukast. Which of the following is an expected therapeutic effect of this medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Reduced bronchial inflammation. Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used to manage asthma and allergic rhinitis by reducing inflammation in the airways. This medication works by blocking leukotrienes, which are chemicals that contribute to inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus production in the lungs. By reducing bronchial inflammation, montelukast helps to improve breathing and prevent asthma symptoms.
A: Improved peripheral vasodilation - This is not an expected therapeutic effect of montelukast as it does not directly affect peripheral vasodilation.
B: Neutralized gastric acid - Montelukast does not have any effect on gastric acid secretion or neutralization.
C: Increased WBC count - Montelukast does not affect white blood cell count; it specifically targets leukotrienes involved in the inflammatory response.
In summary, the correct answer is D because montelukast's primary therapeutic effect is to
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reviewing the medication list of a client who has a new prescription for tetracycline. The nurse should instruct the client to take which of the following medications 3 hr before or after taking the tetracycline?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Antacid. Tetracycline can bind with divalent and trivalent cations, reducing its absorption. Antacids containing aluminum, calcium, magnesium, or iron can chelate with tetracycline, reducing its effectiveness.
Therefore, it is important to space the administration of tetracycline and antacids at least 2-3 hours apart to prevent this interaction. Hydrochlorothiazide (choice
A), acetaminophen (choice
C), and lovastatin (choice
D) do not interact significantly with tetracycline in this manner, so they do not need to be spaced apart.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has cystic fibrosis. The client is taking pancrelipase and has a new onset of steatorrhea. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "You should take this medication with food." Pancrelipase is an enzyme replacement therapy used in cystic fibrosis to aid in digestion. Taking it with food ensures that the enzymes can properly mix with the food in the stomach, helping to break down fats. This can prevent steatorrhea, which is the passage of fat in the stool. Option A is incorrect because steatorrhea is not an adverse reaction but a sign of inadequate enzyme action. Option B is incorrect as increasing fat intake would worsen steatorrhea. Option C is incorrect as pancrelipase is usually swallowed whole, not chewed.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a client. Which of the following client identifiers should the nurse use to verify that the correct client is receiving the medication? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: The correct answers are A (Date of birth), B (Facility identification number), and C (Name). The nurse should use these identifiers to ensure the right client receives the medication. Date of birth is unique to each individual, eliminating confusion. The facility identification number helps confirm the client's identity within the facility. The client's name is a fundamental identifier.
Choices D, E, F, and G are incorrect because physical location and room number do not directly confirm the client's identity.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer gentamicin to a child who weighs 44 lb. The provider prescribes 6 mg/kg/day IV to be administered in three equal doses. Available is gentamicin 40 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 1 mL
Rationale:
Rationale:
To calculate the dose per administration, first convert the child's weight to kg (44 lb ÷ 2.2 = 20 kg).
Then multiply the weight by the prescribed dose (20 kg × 6 mg/kg/day = 120 mg/day). Divide the total daily dose by the number of doses (120 mg ÷ 3 doses = 40 mg per dose). Finally, divide the dose needed by the concentration of gentamicin available (40 mg ÷ 40 mg/mL = 1 mL per dose).
Therefore, the correct answer is 1 mL. Other choices are incorrect as they do not align with the accurate calculation derived from the prescription and weight of the child.