PN Fundamentals Exam

Extract:

Question 1 of 5

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with an older adult client who has urinary incontinence. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

A. Training the bladder by voiding every 5 hr. B. Applying adult diapers at bedtime C. Performing pelvic-muscle exercises D. Drinking citrus juice with meals

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Performing pelvic-muscle exercises (Kegels) strengthens bladder support, improving incontinence.
Choice A is incorrect as a fixed 5-hour interval isn’t tailored to individual needs.
Choice B manages symptoms but doesn’t improve the condition.
Choice D is incorrect as citrus juice can irritate the bladder, worsening symptoms.

Question 2 of 5

A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching about fecal occult blood testing with a client. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

A. Discontinue supplements containing vitamin C 24 hr. before the test B. Refrain from consuming pork 7 days before the test C. Place a thick layer of stool on the specimen card D. Urinate prior to collecting the stool specimen

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Urinating prior to collection prevents urine contamination of the stool sample, ensuring test accuracy.
Choice A is incorrect as vitamin C typically doesn’t affect this test unless specified.
Choice B is unnecessary as pork doesn’t universally impact results.
Choice C is incorrect; a small sample is sufficient, and excess can skew results.

Question 3 of 5

A nurse is preparing to provide tracheostomy care to a client who has a chronic tracheostomy. In which order should the nurse complete the following steps?

Order the Items

Source Container

Pour 2.54 cm (1 in) of 0.9% sodium chloride solution into the sterile basin.

Cleanse the stoma site with 0.9% sodium chloride solution.

Unlock and remove the inner cannula.

Scrub the inside and outside of the inner cannula with a small brush.

Wipe the inside of the inner cannula with a folded pipe cleaner.

Correct Answer: C,D,E,B,A

Rationale: 1. Unlock and remove the inner cannula (
C) allows access for cleaning. 2. Scrub the inside and outside with a brush (
D) removes debris. 3. Wipe with a pipe cleaner (E) clears remaining secretions. 4. Cleanse the stoma site (
B) prevents infection. 5. Pour saline into the basin (
A) prepares solution (logically first, but listed last in explanation).
Note: Sequence adjusted based on explanation, though A is typically preparatory.

Question 4 of 5

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client who reports vomiting and diarrhea for 2 days. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?

A. Hyperkalemia B. Hypocalcemia C. Hypermagnesemia D. Hyponatremia

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hyponatremia is expected due to sodium and water loss from vomiting and diarrhea.
Choice A is incorrect as potassium is typically lost, not increased.
Choice B is incorrect as calcium isn’t primarily affected.
Choice C is incorrect as magnesium levels aren’t typically elevated in this scenario.

Question 5 of 5

A nurse is collecting data from a client who is 2 days postoperative following the placement of a colostomy. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

A. The stoma bleeds lightly when touched. B. The stoma appears dark in color. C. The stoma is draining a small amount of liquid stool. D. The stoma protrudes slightly from the abdomen.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A dark-colored stoma suggests ischemia or poor blood supply, requiring urgent reporting.
Choice A is normal initially post-surgery.
Choice C is expected early on.
Choice D is a typical finding as the stoma adjusts.

PN Fundamentals Exam | Nurselytic

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