ATI LPN
PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about age-related changes that affect medication administration for older adult clients. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because renal excretion time slows for medication in older adults due to decreased kidney function. As people age, their kidneys may not work as efficiently as before, leading to a slower excretion of medications. This can result in medications staying in the body longer and potentially causing adverse effects.
A: Incorrect - Hepatic enzymes actually process medications more slowly in older adults, not more rapidly.
B: Incorrect - Gastric emptying rate usually decreases, not increases, in older adults, affecting medication absorption.
C: Incorrect - Brain receptors may become more sensitive, not less, to medications in older adults due to changes in neurotransmitter levels.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for penicillin G. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse plan to monitor?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urticaria. Penicillin G is known to cause allergic reactions, including urticaria (hives). The nurse should monitor for this adverse effect because it can progress to a more severe allergic reaction such as anaphylaxis. Insomnia (
A), constipation (
C), and nocturia (
D) are not common adverse effects of penicillin G. Monitoring for urticaria is crucial to prevent serious allergic reactions.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is talking with a client who takes NSAIDs routinely to treat osteoarthritis and has a new prescription for misoprostol. The client asks the nurse why he needs the second medication. Which of the following is an appropriate response?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Misoprostol will help prevent stomach ulcers, which can develop from taking NSAIDs for a long time. Misoprostol is often prescribed along with NSAIDs to protect the stomach lining and prevent the development of ulcers. NSAIDs can irritate the stomach lining and increase the risk of ulcers, so misoprostol helps counteract this side effect.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because misoprostol is not used to protect kidney function, boost NSAID effectiveness, or act as an antacid. It specifically targets stomach ulcers related to NSAID use.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer regular insulin 4 units and NPH insulin 10 units subcutaneously to a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Inject 4 units of air into the regular insulin vial. This step ensures accurate withdrawal of the insulin dose without creating a vacuum in the vial. By injecting air into the vial first, the nurse prevents the formation of a vacuum, making it easier to draw up the correct dose of insulin.
Choices A and B are incorrect because injecting air or drawing up insulin from the NPH vial should come after preparing the regular insulin.
Choices D, E, F, and G are irrelevant to the initial step of preparing the regular insulin and NPH insulin for administration.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is taking high doses of aspirin to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following findings indicates that the client has salicylism?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tinnitus. Salicylism is an aspirin toxicity characterized by symptoms like tinnitus, dizziness, and hearing loss. Tinnitus is a common early sign of salicylism due to its ototoxic effects. Nuchal rigidity (choice
B) is not typically associated with salicylism but rather with meningitis. Pharyngitis (choice
C) is inflammation of the throat and is not a common manifestation of salicylism. Pruritus (choice
D) refers to itching and is not a typical symptom of salicylism.
Therefore, the presence of tinnitus is the most indicative of salicylism in a client taking high doses of aspirin.