ATI LPN
ATI PN Pharmacology 2020 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about age-related changes that affect medication administration for older adult clients. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Renal excretion time slows for medication. As individuals age, there is a natural decline in renal function, leading to a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and reduced renal blood flow. This results in medications being cleared from the body at a slower rate, leading to potential drug accumulation and increased risk of adverse effects.
Choice B is incorrect because hepatic enzyme activity actually decreases with age, leading to a slower metabolism of medications rather than processing them more rapidly.
Choice C is incorrect as aging can lead to increased sensitivity to medications rather than decreased sensitivity due to changes in receptor function.
Choice D is incorrect as gastric emptying rate typically decreases with age, leading to delayed absorption of medications rather than an increase in rate.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a prescription for exenatide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Inject the medication into the subcutaneous tissue of your abdomen." Exenatide is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and is administered via subcutaneous injection. This route allows for the medication to be absorbed steadily into the bloodstream. Injecting into the abdomen ensures optimal absorption and avoids muscle or nerve injury.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. B, discarding excess medication after 60 days, is important but not specific to exenatide. C, taking the medication at bedtime, is not a general instruction for exenatide. D, contacting the provider for unexplained muscle pain, is not directly related to exenatide administration.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is taking oral prednisone for long-term management of chronic asthma. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "You should take a calcium supplement while taking this medication." Prednisone can lead to decreased bone density and increase the risk of osteoporosis. Calcium supplementation helps counteract this side effect. Option A is incorrect as rinsing the mouth is important to prevent oral thrush, but not directly related to prednisone. Option B is incorrect as prednisone should be taken with food to minimize stomach upset. Option D is incorrect as weight gain is more common with prednisone due to its effects on metabolism.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has a new prescription for rifampin. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Take this medication 2 hr following a meal. Rifampin should be taken on an empty stomach to maximize absorption. Taking it with food can decrease its effectiveness.
Choice A is incorrect because rifampin is not typically associated with causing insomnia.
Choice B is incorrect because rifampin is known to cause urine discoloration, not blue or green, but red or orange.
Choice D is incorrect because unusual hair growth is not a common side effect of rifampin.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has chronic stable angina and a new prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Take one tablet before a strenuous activity." This is because nitroglycerin is a vasodilator that helps to relieve angina by increasing blood flow to the heart. Taking it before strenuous activity can help prevent angina episodes triggered by exertion.
A: Taking the medication with water is not necessary as it is meant to be dissolved under the tongue.
C: Taking up to four tablets in 15 minutes is incorrect as it can lead to hypotension and other adverse effects.
D: Chewing the tablet is incorrect as it is meant to be absorbed sublingually for rapid effect.