ATI LPN
ATI PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse about age-related changes that affect medication administration for older adult clients. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Renal excretion time slows for medication. As people age, kidney function decreases, leading to a slower excretion of medications. This can result in medications accumulating in the body and potentially causing adverse effects.
Choice B is incorrect because aging typically leads to increased sensitivity to medications due to changes in metabolism and body composition.
Choice C is incorrect as gastric emptying rate tends to decrease with age, not increase.
Choice D is incorrect because hepatic enzymes actually process medications more slowly in older adults.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has taken an overdose of oxycodone. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sedation. Oxycodone is a central nervous system depressant, leading to sedation as a common side effect. Tachycardia (
A) and tachypnea (
B) are more commonly seen with stimulants, not depressants like oxycodone. Dilated pupils (
D) are typically associated with stimulant or hallucinogenic drug use. In summary, sedation is the expected finding due to the depressant nature of oxycodone, making the other choices incorrect.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reviewing a list of current medications for a client who is starting therapy with furosemide. Which of the following medications should the nurse identify as being contraindicated?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lithium carbonate. Furosemide can increase lithium levels, leading to lithium toxicity. Albuterol, levothyroxine, and cetirizine do not have significant interactions with furosemide. Albuterol is a bronchodilator, levothyroxine is a thyroid hormone replacement, and cetirizine is an antihistamine.
Therefore, the nurse should identify lithium carbonate as contraindicated due to the potential for serious adverse effects when combined with furosemide.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about phenytoin with a client who had a tonic-clonic seizure. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Monitor for gingival hyperplasia. This is important because phenytoin, an antiepileptic drug, is known to cause gingival overgrowth. This side effect can affect oral hygiene and lead to gum issues. Monitoring for gingival hyperplasia allows early detection and intervention.
A: Incorrect. Phenytoin does not diminish potassium levels.
C: Incorrect. Ginkgo biloba does not affect phenytoin levels.
D: Incorrect. Minimizing sunlight exposure is not directly related to phenytoin therapy.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a prescription for sildenafil to treat erectile dysfunction. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "I will avoid eating fatty foods while I take this medication." This statement shows understanding because sildenafil is less effective when taken with high-fat meals, so avoiding fatty foods can improve its effectiveness.
Choice A is incorrect as sildenafil is usually taken only once a day.
Choice C is incorrect because sildenafil does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases.
Choice D is incorrect as constipation is not a common side effect of sildenafil.