ATI LPN
PN Adult Medical Surgical 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse who is caring for a client who has AIDS. The nurse should instruct the newly licensed nurse to clean spills of the client's blood with a solution of water and which of the following cleaning agents?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: AIDS, caused by HIV, requires strict infection control due to bloodborne transmission risk. Option C, bleach (typically a 1:10 dilution with water), is correct CDC guidelines recommend it for disinfecting HIV-contaminated surfaces, as it effectively inactivates the virus by denaturing proteins. Option A, isopropyl alcohol, disinfects but isn't the standard for blood spills; it evaporates quickly, potentially leaving viable pathogens. Option B, hydrogen peroxide, oxidizes but lacks evidence as a primary bloodborne pathogen disinfectant compared to bleach. Option D, chlorhexidine, excels for skin antisepsis, not environmental surfaces or blood cleanup. Bleach's broad-spectrum efficacy, affordability, and alignment with universal precautions make it the gold standard. Teaching this ensures the new nurse protects themselves and others, adhering to OSHA and hospital protocols, while reinforcing the importance of proper dilution (e.g., 1 part bleach to 9 parts water) for safety and effectiveness.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse who is caring for a client who has AIDS. The nurse should instruct the newly licensed nurse to clean spills of the client's blood with a solution of water and which of the following cleaning agents?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A 1:10 bleach solution is the standard for decontaminating blood spills in AIDS care, effectively killing HIV. Other agents are less effective against bloodborne pathogens.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assisting with the plan of care for a client who has osteoarthritis. The client reports knee stiffness upon ambulation. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Moist heat reduces stiffness and improves mobility in osteoarthritis.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer filgrastim 6 mcg/kg subcutaneously to a client who weighs 110 lb. Available is filgrastim solution for injection 480 mcg/0.8 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
To calculate the correct dose, convert the client's weight from pounds to kilograms (110 lb ÷ 2.2 = 50 kg). Filgrastim is dosed at 6 mcg/kg, so 6 mcg/kg × 50 kg = 300 mcg needed. The available concentration is 480 mcg in 0.8 mL. Set up the proportion: (300 mcg ÷ 480 mcg) × 0.8 mL = 0.5 mL. Option A (0.3 mL) underdoses at 180 mcg, Option B (0.4 mL) gives 240 mcg, and Option D (0.6 mL) overdoses at 360 mcg. Option C (0.5 mL) delivers exactly 300 mcg, matching the prescribed dose. Rounding to the nearest tenth, 0.5 mL is correct with no trailing zero, adhering to medication safety standards. This calculation ensures therapeutic efficacy (e.g., boosting white blood cells) while minimizing risks like overdose-related bone pain or underdose-related infection susceptibility, making C the precise and safe choice.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has heart failure and a new prescription for furosemide. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following adverse effects?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ringing in ears (tinnitus) is a sign of furosemide ototoxicity; rhinitis and metallic taste aren't typical.