ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a group of nurses about the administration of nitroglycerin. Which of the following routes of administration provides the most rapid onset for the client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sublingual. Sublingual administration of nitroglycerin provides the most rapid onset because the medication is absorbed directly through the mucous membranes under the tongue, bypassing the digestive system and liver first-pass metabolism. This route allows for quick and direct absorption into the bloodstream, leading to a faster onset of action.
Incorrect choices:
A: Transdermal patch - Absorption through the skin is slower compared to sublingual administration.
B:
Topical ointment - Absorption through the skin is slower compared to sublingual administration.
C: Suspended release - This form of administration typically releases the medication slowly over time, leading to a delayed onset of action.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 300 mg PO. The amount lable is amoxicillin oral solution 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Hound the answer to the nearest tenth/whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
To determine the amount of oral solution needed, use the formula: Desired dose / Stock dose x Volume of stock solution.
Given:
Desired dose = 300 mg
Stock dose = 250 mg/5 mL
Step-by-step:
1. Calculate the volume of stock solution needed:
300 mg / 250 mg x 5 mL = 6 mL
Rationale:
The correct answer is B (6 mL) because it is the exact amount needed to administer the desired dose of amoxicillin. Other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the calculation based on the provided information.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer nitroglycerine 15 mcg/min by continuous IV infusion. Available is nitroglycerin 25 mg in 250 mL of dextrose 5% in water (D5W). The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the mL/hr rate for nitroglycerin infusion, we need to convert 15 mcg/min to mg/hr. Given 25 mg in 250 mL, we can set up a proportion to find the rate. 15 mcg/min = 15/1000 mg/min = 0.015 mg/min.
Then, 0.015 mg/min x 60 min/hr = 0.9 mg/hr. Next, we find the mL/hr by setting up a proportion: 25 mg/250 mL = 0.9 mg/x mL. Cross multiply to get x = (0.9 * 250) / 25 = 9 mL/hr.
Therefore, the correct answer is A (9 mL/hr).
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the calculated mL/hr rate based on the dosage and concentration provided.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer hydrocodone/acetaminophen 5 mg PO every 6 hr for pain. The amount available is hydrocodone/acetaminophen 7.5 mg/500 mg/15 mL elixir. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero. )
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
To determine the amount of elixir to administer, we need to set up a proportion using the ratio of available medication to prescribed dose.
Given:
Hydrocodone/acetaminophen 7.5 mg/500 mg/15 mL = 5 mg/1 dose = x mL
Cross multiply:
7.5 mg * x mL = 5 mg * 15 mL
7.5x = 75
x = 75 / 7.5
x = 10 mL
Therefore, the nurse should administer 10 mL of the elixir.
Choice A (1.0 mL) is incorrect as it is too small for the prescribed dose.
Choice B (5 mL) is incorrect as it does not match the calculated amount.
Choice C (15 mL) is incorrect as it does not consider the concentration of the medication.
Question 5 of 5
Calculate the following dosage using ratio and proportions method. Round answers to the nearest tenth. Order: Tegretol 200 mg p.o.t.i.d. Available
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
To calculate the dosage of Tegretol, use the formula: Desired dose/Available dose = X/1. Start with the desired dose of 200 mg and the available dose of 1 tablet. Cross-multiply to find X: 200/1 = X/200, X = 200. So, the patient needs 200 mg, which is equivalent to 1 tablet. Since the order is for 200 mg p.o.t.i.d (three times a day), the total daily dosage would be 3 tablets.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: 2 tabs.
Choice A is incorrect because it doesn't consider the frequency of administration.
Choice C is incorrect as it's less than the calculated dosage.
Choice D is incorrect as it's higher than the calculated dosage.