ATI LPN
PN Adult Medical Surgical 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who will be wearing a Holter monitor for the next 24 hr. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Recording activities helps correlate symptoms with heart activity; electrodes stay on, and bathing is avoided.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse in a long-term care facility is providing care for a client who has Alzheimer's disease and is agitated. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Trazodone, if prescribed, can calm agitation in Alzheimer's safely. Ambulation may help but isn't immediate, isolation can worsen agitation, and restraints are a last resort.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin for unstable angina. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the instructions?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Taking a second dose after 5 minutes for unrelieved pain is standard protocol for nitroglycerin, which is taken sublingually, not swallowed, and stored at room temperature, refilled every 6 months.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to perform a blood glucose test. After performing hand hygiene and donning gloves, in which order should the nurse perform the following actions to obtain a capillary blood sample?
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale:
Steps are: Cleanse (
A), dry (
B), pierce (
C), squeeze (
D), and apply (E), ensuring a clean and accurate glucose reading.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse who is caring for a client who has AIDS. The nurse should instruct the newly licensed nurse to clean spills of the client's blood with a solution of water and which of the following cleaning agents?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: AIDS, caused by HIV, requires strict infection control due to bloodborne transmission risk. Option C, bleach (typically a 1:10 dilution with water), is correct CDC guidelines recommend it for disinfecting HIV-contaminated surfaces, as it effectively inactivates the virus by denaturing proteins. Option A, isopropyl alcohol, disinfects but isn't the standard for blood spills; it evaporates quickly, potentially leaving viable pathogens. Option B, hydrogen peroxide, oxidizes but lacks evidence as a primary bloodborne pathogen disinfectant compared to bleach. Option D, chlorhexidine, excels for skin antisepsis, not environmental surfaces or blood cleanup. Bleach's broad-spectrum efficacy, affordability, and alignment with universal precautions make it the gold standard. Teaching this ensures the new nurse protects themselves and others, adhering to OSHA and hospital protocols, while reinforcing the importance of proper dilution (e.g., 1 part bleach to 9 parts water) for safety and effectiveness.