ATI LPN
PN ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who wants to lose 0.9 kg (2 lb.) of body fat per week. The nurse knows that 0.45 kg (1 lb.) of body fat is equal to 3,500 calories. The nurse should instruct the client to reduce his daily caloric intake by how many calories? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 1000
Rationale: Calculation: 2 lb × 3,500 cal/lb = 7,000 cal/week. 7,000 ÷ 7 days = 1,000 cal/day reduction to lose 2 lb weekly.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client who was admitted with an exacerbation of COPD. Which of the following should the nurse include in the client teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Small, frequent meals reduce diaphragm pressure and breathing effort in COPD. Caloric reduction isn't advised, oxygen adjustments need orders, and prednisone requires tapering.
Extract:
Vital Signs
1000:
Temperature 37° C (98.6° F)
Blood pressure 132/60 mm Hg right arm supine
Blood pressure 118/60 mm Hg right arm sitting
Blood pressure 102/50 mm Hg right arm standing
Heart rate 108/min
Respiratory rate 24/min
Pulse oximetry 94% on room air
Nurses Notes
1100:
Reinforced education about iron supplements and dietary recommendations.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Client with iron deficiency anemia)
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Fiber prevents constipation, vitamin C enhances absorption, and empty stomach improves uptake; antacids and dairy reduce absorption.
Extract:
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is obtaining a sterile urine specimen from a client who has an indwelling urinary catheter. Identify the sequence the nurse should follow.
Correct Answer: B,A,C,E,D
Rationale: Sequence: Clamp tubing (
B) to collect urine, wipe port (
A), aspirate with syringe (
C), transfer to container (E), and document (
D) for a sterile specimen.
Extract:
History and Physical
1000:
Client reports generalized weakness and increased fatigue over the past few months.
Client states they become short of breath after climbing a flight of stairs and are having difficulty keeping up with their grandchildren.
History of rheumatoid arthritis. Reports taking naproxen 500 mg twice a day.
Client reports they follow a vegan diet.
Denies pain or discomfort.
Bilateral breath sounds clear and present throughout.
Mucous membranes pale.
Apical pulse rapid, regular.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following findings require follow-up? (Client with generalized weakness, vegan diet, pale mucous membranes)
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Decreased activity level and low hematocrit (24%) suggest anemia, requiring follow-up; breath sounds are clear, and other findings are less urgent.