ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for nitroglycerin transdermal patches to treat angina. The nurse should inform the client that which of the following manifestations is an adverse effect of the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Headache. Nitroglycerin transdermal patches can cause headaches as an adverse effect due to vasodilation leading to increased blood flow to the brain. This is a common side effect that may occur in patients using nitroglycerin. Polyuria (
B) and ringing in the ears (
C) are not common side effects of nitroglycerin. Increased blood pressure (
D) is not an adverse effect of nitroglycerin; in fact, nitroglycerin decreases blood pressure by dilating blood vessels.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for sustained-release verapamil. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: I will increase my daily intake of fiber and fluid. This response indicates understanding because sustained-release verapamil can cause constipation as a side effect. Increasing fiber and fluid intake can help prevent constipation and promote proper bowel function. Crushing sustained-release tablets can alter the drug's intended release mechanism, leading to potential overdose or underdose. Following up with monthly laboratory tests for anemia is not directly related to verapamil therapy. Sitting upright after taking the medication is more relevant for bisphosphonates to prevent esophageal irritation.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for morphine 4 mg IM stat. The medication is dispensed in a 5 mg/mL prefilled syringe. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Discard the excess medication with a second nurse as a witness. The nurse should discard the excess medication in the presence of another nurse to ensure proper disposal and avoid any medication errors or potential harm to the patient. This action aligns with medication safety practices and helps prevent medication errors.
Choice A: Disposing of the excess medication in the sharps container is incorrect because it does not involve a witness for proper disposal and may not follow facility protocols.
Choice B: Giving the full contents of the prefilled syringe would result in administering more medication than prescribed, risking harm to the patient.
Choice D: Injecting the prescribed dose and saving the rest for later use is incorrect as it goes against safe medication practices and may lead to errors in dosing.
In summary, choice C is the correct action to ensure safe and appropriate disposal of excess medication, while the other choices may lead to potential errors and harm to the patient.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a prescription for exenatide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Inject the medication into the subcutaneous tissue of your abdomen. Exenatide is a medication that is administered through subcutaneous injection, typically into the abdomen. This is the correct route of administration to ensure proper absorption and effectiveness of the medication. Option A is incorrect as it is not directly related to the administration of exenatide. Option B is incorrect because exenatide is usually taken before meals, not at bedtime. Option C is incorrect as the disposal timeline for exenatide is typically shorter than 60 days.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer an IM injection to a client who has gonorrhea. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use the Z-track technique to administer the medication. This technique helps prevent leakage of the medication into surrounding tissues by sealing the medication in the muscle. The Z-track method involves pulling the skin laterally before injecting the medication, then releasing the skin after the injection. This creates a zig-zag path that closes after the needle is withdrawn, reducing the risk of irritation or staining at the injection site.
Choice B is incorrect because the needle size for IM injections in adults is typically 22-25 gauge and 1-1.5 inches long.
Choice C is incorrect as IM injections should be administered at least 2.5 cm (1 inch) away from the umbilicus.
Choice D is incorrect because aspiration (pulling back on the plunger to check for blood return) is not recommended for IM injections due to the risk of tissue trauma.