ATI LPN
ATI PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for sustained-release verapamil. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: D - "I will increase my daily intake of fiber and fluid."
Rationale: Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that can cause constipation as a side effect. Increasing fiber and fluid intake can help prevent constipation. Sitting upright after taking the medication (
A) is not necessary for verapamil. Crushing sustained-release verapamil (
B) can alter its sustained-release properties. Monthly laboratory tests for anemia (
C) are not related to verapamil therapy.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer 0800 medications to a client. The medication administration record (MAR) states 'phenobarbital' and the medication the pharmacy supplied is pentobarbital. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: A
Rationale: Checking the prescription in the client's medical record is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take in this situation. By verifying the original prescription, the nurse can confirm the intended medication (phenobarbital) and ensure that the medication supplied (pentobarbital) is indeed a dispensing error. This step is crucial for patient safety as it helps prevent medication errors and potential harm to the client.
Summary of Incorrect
Choices:
B: Asking the client if she has any allergies is important but not the immediate action needed in this situation.
C: Asking the client what medication she took yesterday is not relevant to addressing the current issue of the dispensing error.
D: Checking the client's MAR to see what the client received the day before does not address the discrepancy between the prescribed medication and the medication supplied.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is administering the first dose of ramipril to a client who has hypertension. The client reports feeling dizzy and lightheaded. Which of the following should the nurse administer?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: IV fluid bolus. The client is experiencing dizziness and lightheadedness, which could be due to hypotension caused by ramipril. Administering IV fluid bolus helps increase blood volume and improve blood pressure, addressing the symptoms.
Choice A is incorrect because carbohydrates won't address the hypotension.
Choice B, Diphenhydramine, is an antihistamine and is not indicated for hypotension.
Choice C, Naloxone, is used to reverse opioid overdose, not for hypotension.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has hypertension and has been taking hydrochlorothiazide. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse evaluate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Serum electrolyte levels. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that can cause electrolyte imbalances, particularly low levels of potassium and sodium. Monitoring electrolyte levels is crucial to prevent complications such as arrhythmias or muscle weakness. Thyroid levels (
B) are not directly affected by hydrochlorothiazide. Coagulation studies (
C) are not typically impacted by this medication. Complete blood count (
D) is not directly related to hydrochlorothiazide use.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for nitroglycerin transdermal patches to treat angina. The nurse should inform the client that which of the following manifestations is an adverse effect of the medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Headache. Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator used to treat angina by relaxing blood vessels. Headaches are a common adverse effect due to vasodilation causing increased blood flow to the brain. Ringing in the ears (
A) is not a typical side effect. Nitroglycerin usually causes decreased blood pressure, not increased (
C). Polyuria (
D) is not a known side effect. In summary, headaches are a common adverse effect of nitroglycerin due to vasodilation, making choice B the correct answer.