ATI LPN
PN ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new ileostomy. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Using a skin sealant protects the peristomal skin, showing understanding of ileostomy care. Moisturizers can interfere, the wafer should be 1/8 inch larger, and emptying frequency varies but isn't the best indicator here.
Question 2 of 5
A home health nurse is assisting in the care of a client following a modified radical mastectomy. Which of the following statements by the client indicates effective coping?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Wanting to see the incision shows acceptance and engagement in recovery; other options suggest avoidance or denial.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin for unstable angina. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the instructions?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Taking a second dose after 5 minutes for unrelieved pain is standard protocol for nitroglycerin, which is taken sublingually, not swallowed, and stored at room temperature, refilled every 6 months.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reviewing vital signs obtained by an assistive personnel on a group of clients. The previous vital signs for each of the clients were obtained 4 hr earlier. Which of the following changes should the nurse identify as the priority finding?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Using the ABCs, blood pressure dropping from 118/78 to 86/50 mm Hg signals potential shock or hypoperfusion, a circulation emergency requiring immediate assessment. Heart rate falling from 110 to 68 could reflect recovery (e.g., post-tachycardia) or bradycardia, but without symptoms, it's less urgent. Respiratory rate rising from 12 to 20 suggests compensation or distress, but circulation trumps breathing in acuity here. Temperature jumping to 38.8°C indicates fever, possibly infection, but hemodynamic instability is more immediately life-threatening. A systolic drop to 86 mm Hg risks organ perfusion, aligning with triage priorities hypotension could stem from bleeding, dehydration, or sepsis, needing rapid provider notification. This finding drives urgent intervention, making it the nurse's top concern.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a female client who is postmenopausal. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Osteoporosis risk rises postmenopause due to estrogen loss, but long-term prednisone use accelerates bone loss by inhibiting osteoblast activity and calcium absorption, a well-established glucocorticoid effect. Congenital heart murmur affects circulation, not bone density, unless activity is severely limited, which isn't implied. Vitamin Bâ‚â‚‚ injections treat deficiency, indirectly supporting bone health via red cell production, not increasing risk. Kidney stones relate to calcium metabolism but don't directly cause osteoporosis unless chronic disease alters bone remodeling, an uncommon link here. Prednisone's impact is direct, dose-dependent, and significant often warranting bisphosphonates making it the standout risk factor to identify, per osteoporosis screening guidelines (e.g., NOF), for preventive planning.