ATI LPN
PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has diabetes mellitus and takes insulin glargine and insulin aspart. Which of the following actions indicates that the client understands the instructions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin that should be administered at the same time every day to maintain consistent blood sugar levels. This helps in preventing fluctuations in glucose levels. Administering it at the same time ensures its effectiveness in managing blood sugar throughout the day.
Summary:
B: Mixing insulin types in the same syringe can alter their action profiles and lead to inaccurate dosing.
C: Administering insulin aspart 30 min before breakfast is not necessarily incorrect but not indicative of understanding the instructions for both insulins.
D: Storing insulin glargine at room temperature for 60 days exceeds the recommended storage duration once opened, which is typically 28 days.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has pancreatitis and a new prescription for pancrelipase. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "I will take this medication whole." This response indicates an understanding of the teaching because pancrelipase should be taken whole to ensure proper absorption of the enzymes it contains. Option B is incorrect because pancrelipase does not cure pancreatitis but helps with digestion. Option C is incorrect because fatty stools are an expected side effect of pancrelipase and do not warrant discontinuation of the medication. Option D is incorrect because pancrelipase should be taken with meals, not at bedtime.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who takes furosemide daily for heart failure. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse review before administering the medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Serum potassium. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause potassium loss through increased urination. Monitoring serum potassium levels is crucial to prevent hypokalemia, which can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias. Reviewing and addressing any abnormal potassium levels before administering furosemide is essential for the client's safety.
Choices A, B, and D are unrelated to furosemide therapy for heart failure. Option A (Erythrocyte sedimentation rate) measures inflammation and is not directly affected by furosemide. Option B (Thyroxine) is a thyroid hormone level and is not impacted by furosemide use. Option D (Serum aspartate aminotransferase) is a liver enzyme, not typically affected by furosemide.
Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect for monitoring before administering furosemide in this scenario.
Extract:
Vital Signs Day 1: Temperature 37.2° C (99° F), Blood pressure 124/56 mm Hg, Heart rate 66/min, Respiratory rate 16/min, Oxygen saturation 95% on room air; Day 2: Temperature 37.2° C (99° F), Heart rate 112/min, Respiratory rate 28/min, Blood pressure 148/86 mm Hg, Oxygen saturation 90% on room air; Medication Administration Record: Albuterol 2 inhalations every 4 to 6 hr PRN wheezing, Bisacodyl 10 mg suppository daily PRN constipation, Prochlorperazine 10 mg PO 3 to 4 times per day PRN nausea, Morphine 4 mg IV bolus every 4 hr PRN severe pain, Acetaminophen 325 to 650 mg every 4 to 6 hr PRN pain or temperature greater than 38.4° C (101.1° F); Nurses' Notes Day 1: Bilateral breath sounds are clear and present throughout. Client reports pain as 2 on a scale of 0 to 10. Abdomen soft, nondistended, bowel sounds hypoactive. Client has a history of asthma. Day 2: Respirations rapid and shallow. Bilateral breath sounds with scattered wheezing. Client reports pain as 8 on a scale of 0 to 10. Client reports no nausea or constipation. Abdomen soft, nondistended, bowel sounds audible.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse should contribute to the plan of care by administering _______ and ______ to the client.
Correct Answer: B, C
Rationale: The correct answer is B (Albuterol) and C (Morphine). Albuterol is a bronchodilator used for treating respiratory conditions like asthma by opening up the airways. Morphine is an opioid analgesic for managing severe pain. The nurse's role includes administering these medications based on the client's needs and the healthcare provider's prescriptions. Prochlorperazine (
A) is an antiemetic for nausea and vomiting, not relevant here. Bisacodyl (
D) is a laxative for constipation, not related to the client's current care needs. Acetaminophen (E) is a pain reliever, but not as potent as morphine for severe pain.
Extract:
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer an IM injection to a client who has gonorrhea. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Correct Answer: C - Use the Z-track technique to administer the medication.
Rationale: The Z-track technique should be used when administering IM injections to clients with infectious diseases like gonorrhea to prevent medication leakage into subcutaneous tissue. This technique involves pulling the skin to one side before injecting the medication, which helps to seal the medication in the muscle and reduces the risk of irritation or staining at the injection site. It ensures accurate administration and minimizes the risk of tissue damage or contamination.
Incorrect
Choices:
A: Inject the medication at least 5 cm (2 in) from the umbilicus - This is a general guideline for IM injections but does not specifically address the need for the Z-track technique in clients with gonorrhea.
B: Administer the medication with a 27-gauge /0.5-inch needle - Needle gauge and length are important considerations but not as crucial as using the Z-track technique in this case.
D: Give the medication without aspirating prior to injection