ATI LPN
ATI PN Pharmacology 2020 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has chronic stable angina and a new prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Take one tablet before a strenuous activity." This is because nitroglycerin is a vasodilator that helps to relieve angina by increasing blood flow to the heart. Taking it before strenuous activity can help prevent angina episodes triggered by exertion.
A: Taking the medication with water is not necessary as it is meant to be dissolved under the tongue.
C: Taking up to four tablets in 15 minutes is incorrect as it can lead to hypotension and other adverse effects.
D: Chewing the tablet is incorrect as it is meant to be absorbed sublingually for rapid effect.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing an acute asthma attack. The nurse should expect to administer which of the following medications?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Levalbuterol. During an acute asthma attack, a short-acting beta agonist like Levalbuterol is the first-line medication to quickly relieve bronchospasm and improve airflow. It acts by relaxing the muscles in the airways, providing rapid relief of symptoms. Cromolyn (
B) is a mast cell stabilizer used for prevention, not acute attacks. Budesonide (
C) is an inhaled corticosteroid for long-term control. Ipratropium (
D) is an anticholinergic bronchodilator used in combination with beta agonists for acute exacerbations, but Levalbuterol is more effective for quick relief.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching about sublingual nitroglycerin with a client who has angina. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the instructions?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Feeling the effects of sublingual nitroglycerin within 5 minutes is indicative of proper understanding as it reflects the rapid onset of action. Option A is incorrect as nitroglycerin should be taken sublingually, not with food. Option B is incorrect as nitroglycerin can cause a drop in blood pressure, not slow the heart rate. Option D is incorrect as the client should seek medical attention if pain persists after taking 3 doses at 5-minute intervals.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse in a long-term care facility is collecting data from a client who has a new prescription for glyburide. The client reports feeling anxious and having profuse sweating. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decreased blood glucose level. Glyburide is a sulfonylurea used to treat diabetes by stimulating insulin release, which can lead to hypoglycemia. Anxiety and sweating are common symptoms of hypoglycemia. Chvostek's sign (choice
A) is associated with hypocalcemia, not hypoglycemia. Pitting pedal edema (choice
B) is a sign of fluid retention and not related to glyburide use. Decreased deep-tendon reflexes (choice
C) are not typically associated with glyburide.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse in a long-term care facility is collecting data from a client who has a new prescription for glyburide. The client reports feeling anxious and having profuse sweating. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decreased blood glucose level. Glyburide is a sulfonylurea medication that works by stimulating the pancreas to release more insulin, which can lead to hypoglycemia. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include anxiety, sweating, and other autonomic symptoms.
Therefore, the nurse should expect a decreased blood glucose level in a client experiencing these symptoms.
Explanation for other choices:
A: Positive Chvostek's sign is associated with hypocalcemia, not hypoglycemia.
B: Pitting pedal edema is a sign of fluid retention and is not directly related to glyburide use.
C: Decreased deep-tendon reflexes are not typically associated with glyburide use but can be seen in conditions like hypothyroidism or peripheral neuropathy.