ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology 2023 retake 1 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has angina and a new prescription of nitroglycerin sublingual. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "If my mouth is dry, I will take a sip of water before I take the tablet." This statement indicates an understanding of how to properly administer nitroglycerin sublingual. Taking the medication under the tongue allows for faster absorption. Taking a sip of water before taking the tablet helps moisten the mouth and aids in the absorption of the medication. This step is crucial for the effectiveness of nitroglycerin in relieving angina symptoms.
Other choices are incorrect:
A: Taking a second tablet before the 20-minute mark is not recommended as it can lead to an overdose.
B: Keeping tablets in the bathroom exposes them to moisture, affecting their potency.
C: Nitroglycerin sublingual should not be swallowed but dissolved under the tongue for rapid absorption.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving heparin therapy. If the client requires a reversal of the effects of heparin, which of the following medications should the nurse expect the provider to prescribe?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Protamine. Protamine is the antidote for heparin as it works by forming a complex with heparin, neutralizing its anticoagulant effects. Atropine (
A) is used for bradycardia, not for heparin reversal. Vitamin K (
B) is used to reverse the effects of warfarin, a different anticoagulant. Vitamin B12 (
C) is not used for heparin reversal.
Therefore, the correct choice is Protamine (
D) for reversing heparin's effects.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is collecting a medication history from the parent of a preschooler who comes to the clinic for routine immunizations. For which of the following findings should the nurse withhold the varicella immunization?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Receiving treatment for leukemia. This is because individuals with leukemia have weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections. Administering a live vaccine like varicella could potentially cause severe complications in these individuals.
Incorrect choices:
A: A pregnant parent - Pregnancy is not a contraindication for varicella vaccine.
C: Taking acetaminophen for mild discomfort - Acetaminophen does not interfere with varicella vaccine.
D: An allergy to eggs - Varicella vaccine is made using gelatin, not eggs, so egg allergy is not a contraindication.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about fluticasone topical lotion with the parent of a 9-month-old infant who has atopic dermatitis on the wrist. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rub the medication until it disappears. This instruction is appropriate because it ensures proper absorption of the medication into the skin, maximizing its effectiveness. Rubbing the lotion helps distribute it evenly and facilitates absorption, which is crucial for treating atopic dermatitis.
Choice A is incorrect because applying a thick layer can lead to overuse of the medication and potential side effects.
Choice C is incorrect as using an occlusive dressing can increase the risk of skin irritation and worsen the condition.
Choice D is incorrect because applying the medication to the entire arm may not be necessary and could lead to unnecessary exposure. It is essential to focus on the affected area only.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer phenobarbital 3 mg/kg/day PO in two divided doses to a client who weighs 145 lb. The amount available is phenobarbital 100 mg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale:
To determine the total daily dose, convert the client's weight from lb to kg (145 lb / 2.2 = 65.91 kg).
Then calculate the total daily dose in mg (3 mg/kg/day * 65.91 kg = 197.73 mg/day). Since it is divided into two doses, the nurse should administer approximately 99 mg per dose. Since each tablet is 100 mg, the nurse should administer 1 tablet per dose. This is the correct answer, as it ensures the client receives the prescribed dose. Other choices are incorrect as they do not align with the calculated dose needed, leading to potential under or overdosing.