ATI LPN
ATI LPN Med Surg Haematology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client has a new diagnosis of aplastic anemia. When discussing the pathology of this disease, which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aplastic anemia is characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce adequate red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells, and platelets, leading to pancytopenia. It is not related to liver function, iron deficiency, or increased RBC destruction, which are characteristics of other conditions like hemolytic anemia.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is reviewing laboratory values for a female patient and notes a hemoglobin level of 8.2 g/100 mL (12-16) and a hematocrit level of 21% (37% -47%). These levels are found in patients with which condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Low hemoglobin and hematocrit indicate anemia, which can result from blood loss, iron deficiency, or chronic disease. Thyroid disease, bronchitis, and hemochromatosis do not directly cause these findings.
Extract:
Nurses Notes
0830:
Child was brought in by parents for unexplained bruising and red spots on the child's shoulders, thighs, and back. Parents report child has had a cold for more than 2 months and over-the-counter medications have not helped relieve the cold symptoms. Lung sounds clear. Child moves all extremities well with some swelling noted in knees and elbows. Abdomen soft with active bowel sounds.
1000:
Parents report child had small nosebleed "a few minutes ago" and child states. "My arms and legs hurt all over." Child's nosebleed has been resolved with only small amount of blood noted on tissues.
Vital Signs
0830:
Temperature 38° C (100.4° F)
Heart rate 100/min
Respiratory rate 20/min
Blood pressure 102/64 mm Hg
Oxygen saturation 98% on room air
1000:
Temperature 38.3° C (101° F) Heart rate 112/min Respiratory rate 24/min
Blood pressure 104/62 mm Hg
Oxygen saturation 97% on room air
Diagnostic Results
WBC count 15.000/mm3 (5,000 to 10,000/mm3)
Hgb 8 g/dL (10 to 15.5 g/dL)
Hct 32% (32% to 44%)
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is reviewing the data collection findings and diagnostic results. For each data collection finding, click to specify if the finding is consistent with leukemia, sickle cell anemia, or hemophilia. Each finding may support more than 1 disease process.
| Options | Leukemia | Sickle Cell Anemia | Hemophilia |
|---|---|---|---|
| A. Reported pain: Leukemia, Sickle Cell Anemia | |||
| B. Bleeding: Leukemia, Hemophilia | |||
| C. Temperature: Leukemia, Sickle Cell Anemia | |||
| D. Bruising: Leukemia, Hemophilia | |||
| E. WBC count: Leukemia |
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: Reported pain is consistent with leukemia (bone pain) and sickle cell anemia (vaso-occlusive crises). Bleeding and bruising align with leukemia (thrombocytopenia) and hemophilia (clotting factor deficiency). Elevated temperature suggests infection in leukemia or sickle cell anemia. High WBC count is typical in leukemia due to abnormal white cells.
Extract:
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is to have a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. The nurse should tell the client that, in addition to the iliac crest, a common site for this procedure is which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The sternum is a common site for bone marrow aspiration in adults due to its accessibility to marrow. The iliac crest is another primary site. The hip is not a precise term for aspiration sites, and the cervical spine and humerus are not typically used due to safety and accessibility concerns.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assisting in the care of a client who is receiving a transfusion of packed red blood cells. The client develops itching and hives. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stopping the transfusion is the priority to prevent further exposure to the allergen causing itching and hives, which indicate an allergic reaction. Other actions follow this step.