ATI LPN
PN Adult Medical Surgical 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about liquid iron supplements with a client who has anemia. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Iron supplements treat anemia by boosting hemoglobin, but absorption and side effects guide administration. Option A is correct taking iron between meals maximizes absorption since food, especially calcium or fiber, can bind iron, reducing bioavailability. Gastric acid enhances uptake, so an empty stomach is ideal, though some tolerate it with a small snack if irritation occurs. Option B is wrong milk's calcium inhibits absorption and doesn't prevent teeth staining (diluting in juice does). Option C is incorrect antacids raise stomach pH, decreasing iron absorption, and may worsen deficiency. Option D is false iron typically causes black, not orange, stools due to unabsorbed iron oxidation; orange stools could signal another issue. Teaching about between-meal dosing empowers the client to optimize therapy, manage side effects (like constipation or nausea), and monitor for expected changes (e.g., darker stools), ensuring effective anemia treatment.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a client who had a bronchoscopy. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Post-bronchoscopy, nurses monitor for complications like bleeding, infection, or airway issues. Option A, sore throat, is a common, benign side effect from the scope, not requiring immediate reporting. Option B, blood pressure 110/78 mm Hg, is normal and stable, needing no action. Option C, presence of gag reflex, is reassuring it indicates airway protection is intact post-sedation, a positive sign. Option D, facial edema, is correct to report it's abnormal and could signal an allergic reaction to sedation, airway swelling, or trauma from the procedure, potentially compromising breathing. This finding demands urgent provider evaluation to rule out anaphylaxis or obstruction, aligning with airway management priorities. While sore throat and gag reflex are expected, facial edema deviates from the norm, requiring swift intervention to prevent escalation, making it the critical finding to escalate.
Extract:
Diagnostic Results
Day 1:
X-ray of right leg: open spiral tibial shaft fracture
Question 3 of 5
For each finding, click to specify if the finding is consistent with acute compartment syndrome, infection, and/or fat embolism syndrome. Finding: Dyspnea
| Findings | Acute compartment syndrome | Infection | Fat embolism syndrome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dyspnea | |||
| Tingling sensation to right foot | |||
| Increased pain at incision site | |||
| Swelling at incision site |
Correct Answer:
Rationale: Dyspnea is a hallmark of fat embolism syndrome due to pulmonary involvement.
Extract:
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has returned to the unit following a cardiac catheterization using a femoral approach. Which of the following methods should the nurse use to monitor for complications?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pedal pulses assess for femoral artery complications like hematoma or occlusion.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assisting with the transfer of a client from a medical-surgical unit to an intensive care unit following a change in status. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the transfer documentation?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Transfer documentation ensures continuity of care, focusing on critical, current data for the receiving team. The primary health problem is essential it summarizes why the client's status changed (e.g., respiratory failure, sepsis), guiding ICU interventions. Number of family members who visited is irrelevant to clinical management; it's a social detail, not a priority. Admission vital signs from a week ago are outdated current vitals matter more, especially with a status change. Scheduled dressing changes are useful but secondary to understanding the underlying condition driving the transfer. Identifying the primary issue provides context for the client's deterioration, aligns with handoff standards like SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation), and ensures the ICU team addresses the root cause immediately. This focus on relevance enhances patient safety, reduces miscommunication, and supports rapid response in a critical setting, making it the most vital piece of transfer information.