ATI LPN
PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a prescription for exenatide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inject the medication into the subcutaneous tissue of your abdomen. Exenatide is a medication typically administered via subcutaneous injection into the abdomen. This route ensures proper absorption and effectiveness of the medication. Injecting in other areas may affect absorption. Contacting the provider for unexplained muscle pain (
A) is important but not specific to exenatide. Taking the medication at bedtime (
C) is not necessary as exenatide is usually taken before meals. Discarding excess medication after 60 days (
D) is important for medication safety but not specific to administration instructions.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has diabetes mellitus and takes insulin glargine and insulin aspart. Which of the following actions indicates that the client understands the instructions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin that should be administered at the same time every day to maintain consistent blood sugar levels. This helps in preventing fluctuations in glucose levels. Administering it at the same time ensures its effectiveness in managing blood sugar throughout the day.
Summary:
B: Mixing insulin types in the same syringe can alter their action profiles and lead to inaccurate dosing.
C: Administering insulin aspart 30 min before breakfast is not necessarily incorrect but not indicative of understanding the instructions for both insulins.
D: Storing insulin glargine at room temperature for 60 days exceeds the recommended storage duration once opened, which is typically 28 days.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse in a provider's office is collecting data from a client who continues to have a migraine headache after taking sumatriptan orally 2 hr ago. Which of the following findings is the priority for the nurse to report?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypertension. The nurse should prioritize reporting hypertension because sumatriptan, a medication used to treat migraines, can potentially cause a rare but serious side effect of increasing blood pressure. Hypertension could lead to severe complications such as stroke or heart attack. Reporting this finding promptly allows for appropriate intervention.
Other choices are less concerning: A (tingling sensation) and C (flushing) are common side effects of sumatriptan, while D (dizziness) is a less urgent symptom compared to hypertension in this context.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for prednisone to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following statements should indicate to the nurse that the client understands the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Correct Answer: B - "I will report a sore throat to my provider."
Rationale: Prednisone can suppress the immune system, increasing the risk of infections like sore throat. Reporting this symptom promptly is crucial to prevent serious complications.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because prednisone can cause fluid retention, so increasing sodium intake can worsen this; taking it with food reduces stomach irritation, so taking it on an empty stomach is wrong; and weight gain, not loss, is a common side effect of prednisone.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer regular insulin 4 units and NPH insulin 10 units subcutaneously to a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Inject 4 units of air into the regular insulin vial. This step ensures accurate withdrawal of the insulin dose without creating a vacuum in the vial. By injecting air into the vial first, the nurse prevents the formation of a vacuum, making it easier to draw up the correct dose of insulin.
Choices A and B are incorrect because injecting air or drawing up insulin from the NPH vial should come after preparing the regular insulin.
Choices D, E, F, and G are irrelevant to the initial step of preparing the regular insulin and NPH insulin for administration.