ATI LPN
PN ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has a new permanent pacemaker. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Holding a cell phone on the opposite side minimizes electromagnetic interference with the pacemaker. Microwaves and airport security are generally safe, and MRIs are contraindicated due to the magnetic field.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following a right radical mastectomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent the development of lymphedema?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Using the left arm prevents trauma to the right side, reducing lymphedema risk; BP on the affected arm increases risk.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Six small meals reduce stomach pressure and reflux in GERD. Orange juice can worsen reflux, lying down post-meal increases it, and sleeping flat doesn't help.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who has a closed-chest tube drainage system. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chest tube systems remove pleural air or fluid, requiring functionality. Replacing the unit when full prevents backpressure or overflow, maintaining drainage and lung re-expansion, per manufacturer and infection control standards (e.g., CD
C). Monitoring 150 mL/hr is excessive sudden high output signals hemorrhage, not routine care. Clamping risks tension pneumothorax by trapping air/fluid, only done briefly for specific checks (e.g., air leak). Pinning tubing prevents dislodgement, but full chamber replacement is the proactive maintenance action. This ensures system efficacy, prevents complications like atelectasis, and aligns with respiratory care priorities, making it the nurse's key responsibility.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse who is caring for a client who has AIDS. The nurse should instruct the newly licensed nurse to clean spills of the client's blood with a solution of water and which of the following cleaning agents?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: AIDS, caused by HIV, requires strict infection control due to bloodborne transmission risk. Option C, bleach (typically a 1:10 dilution with water), is correct CDC guidelines recommend it for disinfecting HIV-contaminated surfaces, as it effectively inactivates the virus by denaturing proteins. Option A, isopropyl alcohol, disinfects but isn't the standard for blood spills; it evaporates quickly, potentially leaving viable pathogens. Option B, hydrogen peroxide, oxidizes but lacks evidence as a primary bloodborne pathogen disinfectant compared to bleach. Option D, chlorhexidine, excels for skin antisepsis, not environmental surfaces or blood cleanup. Bleach's broad-spectrum efficacy, affordability, and alignment with universal precautions make it the gold standard. Teaching this ensures the new nurse protects themselves and others, adhering to OSHA and hospital protocols, while reinforcing the importance of proper dilution (e.g., 1 part bleach to 9 parts water) for safety and effectiveness.