ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology safety Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client following an episode of status asthmaticus. The client has a prescription for two inhalations from an albuterol metered-dose inhaler. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "I will hold my breath at least 10 seconds after inhaling the medication." This statement indicates understanding because holding the breath after inhaling albuterol allows the medication to reach deeper into the lungs for better absorption and effectiveness. Holding the breath for 10 seconds ensures adequate time for the medication to be deposited in the airways.
Choice A is incorrect because holding the inhaler with the non-dominant hand does not directly impact the correct administration of the medication.
Choice C is incorrect as waiting 10 minutes between inhalations is not necessary and may delay proper treatment during an acute asthma attack.
Choice D is incorrect as tilting the head forward while inhaling does not contribute to the effectiveness of the medication.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer 400 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride IV over 8 hr. The drop factor of the manual IV tubing is 60 gtt/mL. The nurse should set the manual IV infusion to deliver how many gtt/min? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the rate of IV infusion in gtt/min, we first convert the total volume to be infused (400 mL) and the total time (8 hr) into minutes. 400 mL over 8 hr is 50 mL/hr. Next, we convert mL/hr to gtt/min using the drop factor of 60 gtt/mL. 50 mL/hr x 60 gtt/mL = 3000 gtt/hr. Finally, we convert gtt/hr to gtt/min by dividing by 60 minutes. 3000 gtt/hr ÷ 60 min = 50 gtt/min.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: 50 gtt/min.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the calculated rate based on the given information.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse administered nitroglycerin sublingually to a client who has angina pectoris and experienced chest pain. The client states that his chest pain is relieved but now he has a headache. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because headache is a common side effect of nitroglycerin due to its vasodilatory effects. The nurse should educate the client that this side effect is expected and may diminish with continued use.
Choice B is incorrect because an allergic reaction would present with more severe symptoms beyond just a headache.
Choice C is incorrect as it does not address the physiological reason for the headache.
Choice D is incorrect as tolerance to nitroglycerin does not manifest as a headache.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a newly licensed nurse regarding sources of medication information. Which of the following resources should the nurse include as reliable references for the nurse to use to evaluate medication information? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: The correct answers are A, B, and D. Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR) is a comprehensive source of medication information vetted by healthcare professionals. Published journals provide evidence-based information on medications. Pharmacists are trained professionals who have in-depth knowledge of medications. Pharmaceutical sales representatives may have biased or promotional information, making them less reliable. Other choices are not as reliable due to potential conflicts of interest or lack of expertise.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse administers the wrong medication to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Check the client's vital signs. This should be done first to assess the immediate impact of the wrong medication on the client's health. Vital signs provide crucial information about the client's current condition and any potential adverse effects of the medication error. This step is essential for prompt identification of any complications and to guide subsequent actions.
Option A (Notify the charge nurse) can be done after checking vital signs to inform the appropriate personnel. Option B (Fill out an incident report) is important but not immediate. Option C (Document the client's condition) can be done after addressing the immediate concern of vital signs.