ATI LPN
ATI PN Pharmacology 2020 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a prescription for exenatide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Inject the medication into the subcutaneous tissue of your abdomen." Exenatide is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and is administered via subcutaneous injection. This route allows for the medication to be absorbed steadily into the bloodstream. Injecting into the abdomen ensures optimal absorption and avoids muscle or nerve injury.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. B, discarding excess medication after 60 days, is important but not specific to exenatide. C, taking the medication at bedtime, is not a general instruction for exenatide. D, contacting the provider for unexplained muscle pain, is not directly related to exenatide administration.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is taking oral prednisone for long-term management of chronic asthma. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "You should take a calcium supplement while taking this medication." Prednisone can lead to decreased bone density and increase the risk of osteoporosis. Calcium supplementation helps counteract this side effect. Option A is incorrect as rinsing the mouth is important to prevent oral thrush, but not directly related to prednisone. Option B is incorrect as prednisone should be taken with food to minimize stomach upset. Option D is incorrect as weight gain is more common with prednisone due to its effects on metabolism.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has a new prescription for rifampin. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Take this medication 2 hr following a meal. Rifampin should be taken on an empty stomach to maximize absorption. Taking it with food can decrease its effectiveness.
Choice A is incorrect because rifampin is not typically associated with causing insomnia.
Choice B is incorrect because rifampin is known to cause urine discoloration, not blue or green, but red or orange.
Choice D is incorrect because unusual hair growth is not a common side effect of rifampin.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has chronic stable angina and a new prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Take one tablet before a strenuous activity." This is because nitroglycerin is a vasodilator that helps to relieve angina by increasing blood flow to the heart. Taking it before strenuous activity can help prevent angina episodes triggered by exertion.
A: Taking the medication with water is not necessary as it is meant to be dissolved under the tongue.
C: Taking up to four tablets in 15 minutes is incorrect as it can lead to hypotension and other adverse effects.
D: Chewing the tablet is incorrect as it is meant to be absorbed sublingually for rapid effect.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing an acute asthma attack. The nurse should expect to administer which of the following medications?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Levalbuterol. During an acute asthma attack, a short-acting beta agonist like Levalbuterol is the first-line medication to quickly relieve bronchospasm and improve airflow. It acts by relaxing the muscles in the airways, providing rapid relief of symptoms. Cromolyn (
B) is a mast cell stabilizer used for prevention, not acute attacks. Budesonide (
C) is an inhaled corticosteroid for long-term control. Ipratropium (
D) is an anticholinergic bronchodilator used in combination with beta agonists for acute exacerbations, but Levalbuterol is more effective for quick relief.