ATI LPN
PN Adult Medical Surgical 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching with an older adult client who has an increased LDL level. Which of the following foods should the nurse encourage the client to limit?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Swiss cheese is high in saturated fat, raising LDL; canola oil, avocados, and walnuts are heart-healthy.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse in a health clinic is collecting data from an older adult client. Which of the following information in the client's history increases her risk for osteoporosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lactose intolerance limits calcium intake, a key risk factor for osteoporosis; gardening and walking are protective, and moderate wine has minimal impact.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following a right radical mastectomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent the development of lymphedema?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Using the left arm prevents trauma to the right side, reducing lymphedema risk; BP on the affected arm increases risk.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving intermittent bolus enteral feedings through a jejunostomy tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevating the head for 1 hour post-feeding prevents aspiration, a key concern with jejunostomy feedings. Cold solutions, rotation, and excessive flushing aren't standard.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is collecting data from a female client who is postmenopausal. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Osteoporosis risk rises postmenopause due to estrogen loss, but long-term prednisone use accelerates bone loss by inhibiting osteoblast activity and calcium absorption, a well-established glucocorticoid effect. Congenital heart murmur affects circulation, not bone density, unless activity is severely limited, which isn't implied. Vitamin Bâ‚â‚‚ injections treat deficiency, indirectly supporting bone health via red cell production, not increasing risk. Kidney stones relate to calcium metabolism but don't directly cause osteoporosis unless chronic disease alters bone remodeling, an uncommon link here. Prednisone's impact is direct, dose-dependent, and significant often warranting bisphosphonates making it the standout risk factor to identify, per osteoporosis screening guidelines (e.g., NOF), for preventive planning.