ATI LPN
ATI PN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer regular and NPH insulin to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Withdraw the NPH insulin last. This is important to prevent contamination of the regular insulin with NPH insulin. NPH insulin is cloudy and should be gently mixed before withdrawal to ensure uniform suspension. Injecting air into the regular vial helps with withdrawing the correct amount without creating a vacuum, but it should be done after withdrawing NPH insulin. Mixing the medications in one syringe can alter their effectiveness. Administering in two separate syringes may lead to dosing errors.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer acetaminophen 10 mg/kg PO every 6 hr to a toddler who weighs 26.4 lb. Available is acetaminophen 80 mg/0.8 mL liquid. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 1.2 mL.
To calculate the dosage, first convert the toddler's weight from pounds to kilograms (26.4 lb ÷ 2.2 kg/lb = 12 kg). Next, multiply the weight by the prescribed dose (10 mg/kg) to get the total dose (12 kg x 10 mg/kg = 120 mg).
Then, use the concentration of the liquid acetaminophen (80 mg/0.8 mL) to determine how many mL contain the total dose (120 mg ÷ 80 mg/mL = 1.5 mL). Round to the nearest tenth, so the nurse should administer 1.2 mL.
Choice B, C, D, E, F, and G are incorrect because they do not align with the calculated dosage based on the toddler's weight, the prescribed dose, and the concentration of the acetaminophen liquid. The correct dosage calculation requires converting the weight, determining the total
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching about sublingual nitroglycerin with a client who has angina. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the instructions?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Correct
Answer: C. "I should feel the effects of the medication within 5 minutes."
Rationale: Sublingual nitroglycerin is a rapid-acting medication used to relieve angina symptoms by dilating blood vessels. The client should feel the effects within 5 minutes, indicating the medication is working. This statement shows an understanding of the medication's onset of action, which is crucial for angina relief.
Option A is incorrect because taking the medication every 10 minutes is excessive and may lead to hypotension. Option B is incorrect as nitroglycerin typically causes vasodilation, not heart rate reduction. Option D is incorrect because nitroglycerin should be taken sublingually, not with food, for optimal absorption.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer erythromycin PO to a client who has an infection. The nurse checks the client's medical record and notes that the client has a severe allergy to penicillin. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Administer the medication to the client. Erythromycin is not a penicillin-based antibiotic, so having a severe allergy to penicillin does not contraindicate the use of erythromycin.
Therefore, it is safe to administer erythromycin to the client. Requesting a different medication (
Choice
A) is unnecessary as erythromycin is a suitable choice. Premedicating with diphenhydramine (
Choice
C) is not indicated unless the client has a known allergy to erythromycin. Requesting a different route of administration (
Choice
D) is unnecessary if the oral route is appropriate.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving treatment for chronic alcohol use disorder. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer to assist the client in maintaining abstinence by aversion therapy?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Disulfiram. Disulfiram is used in aversion therapy for alcohol use disorder by causing unpleasant effects like nausea, vomiting, and flushing if alcohol is consumed. This helps the client associate alcohol intake with negative consequences, promoting abstinence. Carbamazepine (
A) is used for seizures and mood disorders, not for aversion therapy. Atenolol (
C) is a beta-blocker used for hypertension, not for aversion therapy. Lorazepam (
D) is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety, not for aversion therapy.